Repellent Effect and Insecticidal Activities of Bridelia ferruginea, Blighia sapida, and Khaya senegalensis Leaves Powders and Extracts against Dinoderus porcellus in Infested Dried Yam Chips
Table 4
Repellency rate of different solvent extracts of B. ferruginea, B. sapida, and K. senegalensis on D. porcellus leaves at different hours after treatment.
Plants
Solvent used
Concentration of extract (%)
Percent repellency after treatment
Mean repellency
Repellency class
Repellency index
Classification
15 min
30 min
2 h
B. ferruginea
Acetone
2.5
0.0 ± 0.0
0.0 ± 0.0
1.8 ± 21.7
0.0 ± 0.1
Class 0
1.0 ± 0.0
Neutral
5.0
7.1 ± 15.8
10.0 ± 7.0
0.0 ± 0.0
1.5 ± 6.9
Class I
0.9 ± 0.0
Repellent
7.5
0.0 ± 0.0
0.0 ± 0.0
0.2 ± 13.8
0.0 ± 0.0
Class 0
1.1 ± 0.0
Attractant
Propanol
2.5
0.0 ± 0.0
6.6 ± 20.1
10.6 ± 12.5
0.0 ± 7.2
Class 0
1.0 ± 0.1
Neutral
5.0
0.0 ± 0.0
25.0 ± 18.5
1.2 ± 15.1
3.4 ± 9.8
Class I
0.9 ± 0.0
Repellent
7.5
2.1 ± 12.2
1.0 ± 18.9
17.5 ± 8.5
6.9 ± 7.8
Class I
0.9 ± 0.0
Repellent
Ethanol
2.5
0.0 ± 0.0
0.5 ± 11.2
12.5 ± 14.9
2.8 ± 6.6
Class I
0.9 ± 0.0
Repellent
5.0
0.0 ± 0.0
12.5 ± 8.5
2.5 ± 14.4
3.2 ± 8.1
Class I
0.9 ± 0.0
Repellent
7.5
0.0 ± 0.0
0.0 ± 0.0
19.7 ± 23.0
3.7 ± 9.9
Class I
0.9 ± 0.0
Repellent
Methanol
2.5
0.0 ± 0.0
0.0 ± 0.0
2.5 ± 11.8
0.0 ± 0.0
Class 0
1.1 ± 0.0
Attractant
5.0
0.0 ± 0.0
0.0 ± 0.0
15.0 ± 8.6
0.6 ± 7.9
Class I
0.9 ± 0.0
Repellent
7.5
0.0 ± 0.0
0.0 ± 0.0
13.4 ± 14.6
0.0 ± 3.4
Class 0
1.0 ± 0.0
Neutral
Distilled water
2.5
0.0 ± 0.0
18.1 ± 11.0
0.0 ± 0.0
0.0 ± 11.3
Class 0
1.0 ± 0.1
Neutral
5.0
0.0 ± 0.0
0.0 ± 0.0
9.3 ± 10.8
0.0 ± 4.0
Class 0
1.0 ± 0.0
Neutral
7.5
19.2 ± 19.5
25.0 ± 18.9
13.0 ± 19.3
19.0 ± 10.1
Class I
0.8 ± 0.1
Repellent
B. sapida
Acetone
2.5
0.0 ± 0.0
0.0 ± 23.5
13.6 ± 22.6
0.3 ± 12.2
Class I
0.9 ± 0.1
Neutral
5.0
0.0 ± 0.0
10.0 ± 9.1
49.7 ± 17.6
13.8 ± 12.4
Class I
0.8 ± 0.1
Repellent
7.5
0.0 ± 0.0
0.0 ± 0.0
0.0 ± 0.0
0.0 ± 0.0
Class 0
1.1 ± 0.0
Attractant
Propanol
2.5
4.6 ± 13.0
31.1 ± 18.9
32.5 ± 4.7
22.7 ± 8.0
Class II
0.7 ± 0.0
Repellent
5.0
0.0 ± 0.0
10.3 ± 16.0
4.3 ± 16.1
3.5 ± 9.1
Class I
0.9 ± 0.0
Repellent
7.5
6.3 ± 19.7
5.7 ± 10.0
15.8 ± 12.3
9.3 ± 7.7
Class I
0.9 ± 0.0
Repellent
Ethanol
2.5
0.0 ± 0.0
3.1 ± 20.0
14.1 ± 6.7
2.8 ± 7.7
Class I
0.9 ± 0.0
Repellent
5.0
13.9 ± 18.3
22.6 ± 18.7
17.5 ± 19.7
18.0 ± 9.9
Class I
0.8 ± 0.0
Repellent
7.5
0.0 ± 0.0
0.0 ± 0.0
2.5 ± 18.9
0.0 ± 0.0
Class 0
1.1 ± 0.1
Attractant
Methanol
2.5
0.0 ± 0.0
0.0 ± 0.0
11.7 ± 10.4
0.0 ± 1.3
Class 0
1.0 ± 0.0
Neutral
5.0
0.0 ± 0.0
0.0 ± 0.0
0.0 ± 0.0
0.0 ± 0.0
Class 0
1.0 ± 0.0
Neutral
7.5
0.5 ± 10.4
0.0 ± 0.0
9.0 ± 7.4
1.4 ± 4.3
Class I
0.9 ± 0.0
Repellent
Distilled water
2.5
0.0 ± 0.0
0.0 ± 0.0
18.5 ± 4.3
2.0 ± 5.1
Class I
0.9 ± 0.0
Repellent
5.0
15.6 ± 15.7
9.7 ± 25.5
13.1 ± 12.5
12.8 ± 9.8
Class I
0.8 ± 0.0
Repellent
7.5
16.8 ± 27.8
16.9 ± 12.8
46.9 ± 13.6
26.9 ± 11.0
Class II
0.7 ± 0.1
Repellent
K. senegalensis
Acetone
2.5
7.5 ± 9.4
14.4 ± 4.8
7.5 ± 12.5
9.8 ± 5.4
Class I
0.9 ± 0.0
Repellent
5.0
0.0 ± 0.0
2.5 ± 21.4
0.0 ± 0.0
0.0 ± 3.1
Class 0
1.0 ± 0.0
Neutral
7.5
0.0 ± 0.0
0.0 ± 0.0
1.0 ± 9.7
0.0 ± 0.0
Class 0
1.1 ± 0.0
Attractant
Propanol
2.5
0.0 ± 0.0
0.0 ± 0.0
5.0 ± 11.9
0.0 ± 1.8
Class 0
1.0 ± 0.0
Neutral
5.0
19.2 ± 10.0
22.3 ± 16.3
48.7 ± 10.8
30.0 ± 7.7
Class II
0.6 ± 0.0
Repellent
7.5
2.5 ± 22.9
0.0 ± 0.0
17.9 ± 33.7
5.4 ± 14.3
Class I
0.9 ± 0.1
Neutral
Ethanol
2.5
0.0 ± 0.0
0.0 ± 0.0
0.0 ± 0.0
0.0 ± 0.0
Class 0
1.2 ± 0.1
Attractant
5.0
0.0 ± 0.0
0.0 ± 0.0
0.0 ± 0.0
0.0 ± 0.0
Class 0
1.2 ± 0.1
Attractant
7.5
0.0 ± 0.0
15.0 ± 9.5
5.9 ± 12.4
0.4 ± 8.3
Class I
0.9 ± 0.0
Repellent
Methanol
2.5
3.9 ± 9.3
8.3 ± 6.8
6.7 ± 20.5
6.3 ± 7.1
Class I
0.9 ± 0.0
Repellent
5.0
22.5 ± 7.5
13.1 ± 12.0
20.0 ± 14.1
18.5 ± 6.1
Class I
0.8 ± 0.0
Repellent
7.5
0.0 ± 0.0
1.3 ± 12.3
4.4 ± 14.8
0.0 ± 7.0
Class 0
1.0 ± 0.0
Neutral
Distilled water
2.5
0.0 ± 0.0
0.0 ± 0.0
20.0 ± 16.8
1.4 ± 10.1
Class I
0.9 ± 0.1
Neutral
5.0
0.0 ± 0.0
0.0 ± 0.0
0.0 ± 0.0
0.0 ± 0.0
Class 0
1.0 ± 0.0
Neutral
7.5
18.6 ± 9.2
17.5 ± 25.3
13.4 ± 20.4
16.5 ± 10.2
Class I
0.8 ± 0.1
Repellent
Means within the same rows followed by the same letter are not significantly different ().
