Population Dynamics of Native Parasitoids Associated with the Asian Chestnut Gall Wasp (Dryocosmus kuriphilus) in Italy

Figure 4

Mean percentage of parasitized Dryocosmus kuriphilus cells. Samples collected from cultivated and wild chestnuts in the two study sites (site A = 478 m a.s.l.; site B = 665 m a.s.l.) at Marradi (Italy) during the three-year period. Bars represent standard error.