Assemblage Characteristics and Habitat Specificity of Carabid Beetles in a Japanese Alpine-Subalpine Zone

Figure 4

Nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) ordinations based on the abundance of carabid beetles on July 15, July 24, September 23, and the entire period (pooled data) on Mt. Hakusan. Only carabid beetle species with a Pearson correlation coefficient ≥ 0.6 are shown in the graphs. Vectors indicate the species that contributed significantly to discriminate the carabid beetle assemblages among the four habitats, with long vectors indicating the species with high contributions. The 2D stress indicates the model fit.