Larvicidal Activities and Synergistic Effects of Essential Oils against Anopheles funestus and Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) from Kisumu, Kenya

Table 2

Chemical composition and essential oil yields of plants.

Compounds	R. time (min.)	Percentage of each compound
		L. multiflora	C. schoenanthus	L. camara	L. chevalieri
α-Pinene	12.3	—	—	2.6	0.8
Camphene	12.6	—	—	1.1	0.5
β-Myrcene	13.2	2.4	0.3	2.1	1
(+)-4-Carene	13.5	—	14	—	—
Myrtenyl acetate	13.6	—	—	0.6	—
3-Carene	13.7	—	0.3	2.7	—
p-Cymene	13.9	8.2	0.7	0.6	1.1
D-limonene	14	1.5	6.4	2.5	1.9
Eucalyptol	14.1	5.3	1.2	4.7	9.1
trans-β-Ocimene	14.2	—	0.2	0.8	—
α-Phellandrene	14.4	3.9	0.4	0.3	4.6
β-Ocimene	14.5	—	—	1.1	3.7
γ-Terpinene	14.7	6.4	—	1	0.4
Terpineol	15.1	—	—	1.3	—
Fenchone	15.2	—	0.3	—	—
Linalool	15.3	0.6	—	—	0.3
trans-p-2,8-Menthadien-1-ol	15.9	—	3.9	—	—
(+)-2-Bornanone	16.2	1.4	—	—	—
Terpinen-4-ol	16.7	0.5	0.4	0.9	0.4
α-Terpineol	17.1	—	1.0	—
trans-Piperitol	17.2	—	1.3	—	—
Thymol	18.4	5.4	—	0.9	—
Carvacrol	18.5	—	0.4	0.5	—
γ-Elemene	19.3	—	—	1.1	—
Copaene	19.4	1.4	—	1.9	2.2
β-Elemene	19.9	—	8.6	—	—
γ-Gurjunene	20.1	—	—	0.8	—
Caryophyllene	20.3	27.7	6	35	36.9
β-Gurjunene	20.6	—	1.3	—	—
γ-Muurolene	20.7	—	0.4	—	—
cis-β-Farnesene	20.8	3.1	—	—	—
(E)-β-famesene	20.9	—	—	—	—
β-Longipinene	20.9	—	—	0.3	—
Humulene	21	6.7	0.9	—	5.5
Germacrene D	21.3	9.8		—	25.6
β-Selinene	21.4	—	2.9	—
(+/−)-Germacrene D	21.5	—	—	7.3	—
γ-Muurolene	21.6	0.3	—	—	—
Bicyclogermacrene	21.7	—	—	6.6	—
β-Guaiene	21.8	0.5	1.8	—	—
α-Panasinsen	21.9	—	—	—	—
β-Acorenol	22	—	—	—	—
Elemol	22.1	—	22.8	—	—
Caryophyllene oxide	22.3	5.2	1.6	14.8	2.2
(−)-Spathulenol	22.8	—	—	1.9	—
Aromandendrene	22.9	—	—	0.3	0.3
Cubenol	23.3	0.2	—	—	—
α-Eudesmol	23.7	—	19.9	—	—
Geranyl-α-terpinene	24.5	0.2	—	—	—
Isoaromadendrene epoxide	24.9	—	—	1.0	—
α-Vetivol	26.1	0.3	—	—	—
m-Camphorene	26.8	0.3	—	—	—
p-Camphorene	27.2	0.2	—	—	—
1-Heptatriacotanol	27.3	—	0.3	—	0.3
Total yield identified		91.6	97.5	97.5	96.7

R. time = retention time.