Proposed Diagnostic Criteria for the DSM-5 of Nonsuicidal Self-Injury in Female Adolescents: Diagnostic and Clinical Correlates
Table 2
Frequency and percentage of the proposed B and C diagnostic criteria for NSSI for the DSM-5, of adolescents with NSSI (NSSI disorder) and adolescents with NSSI without impairment/distress (NSSI-C).
Proposed criterion
NSSI disorder () No. (%)
NSSI disorder frequencya M (SD)
NSSI disorder strengthb M (SD)
NSSI-C () No. (%)
B1: Psychological precipitant
38 (97.4)
10 (100)
Sadness
30 (76.9)
2.29 (0.98)
2.38 (0.95)
7 (70.0)
Tension
29 (74.4)
1.82 (1.02)
1.89 (1.09)
5 (50.0)
Anger
24 (61.5)
1.68 (1.14)
1.69 (1.19)
6 (60.0)
Distress
23 (59.0)
1.66 (1.19)
1.70 (1.18)
5 (50.0)
Self-criticism
19 (48.7)
1.38 (1.18)
1.50 (1.23)
6 (60.0)
Anxiety
8 (20.5)
0.76 (1.13)
0.83 (1.12)
2 (20.0)
B2:
Preoccupation with behaviour
18 (46.2)
7 (70.0)
Difficulties resisting the urge
15 (38.5)
2.47 (0.80)
4 (40.0)
B3: Urge occurs frequently
35 (89.7)
2.42 (0.72)
2.44 (0.64)
5 (50.0)
B4:
Contingent response
34 (87.2)
7 (70.0)
Relief from negative feelings
Before
10 (25.6)
0.63 (1.00)
4 (40.0)
During
14 (35.9)
1.00 (1.19)
3 (30.0)
After
21 (53.8)
1.66 (1.24)
7 (70.0)
Fewer interpersonal problems
Before
2 (5.1)
0.15 (0.59)
2 (20.0)
During
5 (12.8)
0.35 (0.86)
2 (20.0)
After
4 (10.3)
0.34 (0.82)
3 (30.0)
Feel better
Before
7 (17.9)
0.47 (0.98)
4 (40.0)
During
9 (23.1)
0.68 (1.12)
2 (20.0)
After
18 (46.2)
1.32 (1.32)
6 (50.0)
Reward
Before
1 (2.6)
0.11 (0.52)
0 (0)
During
1 (2.6)
0.08 (0.50)
0 (0)
After
4 (10.3)
0.27 (0.80)
0 (0)
Preventing suicide attempt
Before
7 (17.9)
0.94 (1.08)
1 (10.0)
During
6 (15.4)
0.38 (0.87)
2 (20.0)
After
3 (7.7)
0.28 (0.77)
0 (0)
C: Distress, Impairment
Impairment
39 (100)
1.97 (0.77)
0 (0)
Home
9 (23.1)
0.94 (0.95)
0 (0)
School
8 (20.5)
0.94 (0.93)
0 (0)
Leisure time
13 (33.3)
1.12 (1.02)
0 (0)
Friends
10 (25.6)
0.88 (.99)
0 (0)
Distress
27 (69.2)
0 (0)
Want help:
31 (79.5)
3 (30)
Note. aFrequency scale 0–3 (0 = never, 1 = sometimes, 2 = often, 3 = very often) bStrength scale 0–3 (0 = not at all, 1 = a little, 2 = strong, 3 = very strong).
