Comparing Adult Males and Females in the United States to Examine the Association between Body Mass Index and Frequent Mental Distress: An Analysis of Data from BRFSS 2011
Table 3
Relationship of lifestyle factors, chronic disease, and BMI among adults in the United States, BRFSS 2011.
Variable
Categories
Number of respondentsa
%c
FMD
Number of respondents
%d
Unadjusted OR
95% CI
Tobacco use
Never used tobacco or smoked <100 cigarettes in life
260343
53.82
20791
7.99
1
Everyday
68140
15.87
14418
21.16
2.98
2.84–3.14***
Some of the days but not everyday
25669
6.63
4382
17.07
2.26
2.09–2.46***
Previous user of smokeless tobacco or smoked <100 cigarettes in life
140339
23.68
13896
9.90
1.27
1.21–1.34***
Alcohol use
Did not use alcohol at all in the previous 30 days
224922
45.14
27909
12.41
1
Drank at least once in the past 30 days but not a heavy or binge drinker
167928
35.24
13558
8.07
0.64
0.61–0.67***
Heavy drinker
7426
1.22
668
9.00
0.73
0.62–0.85***
Binge drinker
60055
18.41
7190
11.97
0.96
0.90–1.01
Dietary practice (daily intake of fruits, fruit juice, vegetables, and beans)
None of them
1051
0.25
283
26.93
1
One of them
9824
2.13
1773
18.05
0.81
0.57–1.15
Two of them
46658
9.52
6763
14.49
0.62
0.44–0.87**
Three of them
166057
33.18
18767
11.30
0.47
0.33–0.65***
All of them
254921
54.92
24041
9.43
0.38
0.27–0.54***
Physical activity in previous 30 days
No physical activity or exercise other than regular work
126867
25.52
20240
15.95
1
Met aerobic and strengthening guidelines
85231
19.72
6084
7.14
0.44
0.41–0.47***
Met aerobic guidelines
151670
29.72
13009
8.58
0.53
0.50–0.55***
Met strengthening guidelines
22798
6.12
2046
8.97
0.51
0.46–0.57***
Met neither guideline but had physical activity
87991
18.92
9759
11.09
0.67
0.64–0.71***
Number of chronic diseases ever diagnosedd
None of them
157422
38.28
11082
7.04
1
One
130048
23.06
12432
9.56
1.52
1.44–1.61***
Two
99824
13.90
11503
11.52
1.90
1.79–2.02***
Three
65288
8.04
9381
14.37
2.38
2.23–2.54***
Four
30769
3.43
5831
18.95
3.22
2.99–3.47***
Five
10536
1.10
2599
24.67
4.26
3.85–4.72***
Six
2447
0.22
751
30.69
5.86
4.93–6.98***
Seven
368
0.03
136
36.96
9.76
6.53–14.61***
BMI categoryb
Normal
160465
34.88
14812
9.23
1
Underweight
8043
1.86
1235
15.35
1.74
1.53–1.98***
Overweight
170601
35.85
15934
9.34
1.02
0.97–1.07
Obese
130700
27.41
18846
14.42
1.62
1.54–1.69***
BMI: body mass index; CI: confidence interval; FMD: frequent mental distress; OR: odds ratio. ; ; . The total number of respondents for the variables differs because of unequal number of missing values. The number of respondents within each category differs from that in Table 1, because all individuals with missing responses for BMI and FMD are excluded. Weighted percentage of respondents in each category out of the total number of respondents for that characteristic. Percentage with FMD among respondents within each category.