The Effect of Family Factors on Intense Alcohol Use among European Adolescents: A Multilevel Analysis

Table 2

The results of multilevel analysis concerning family structure (𝑛 individuals: 53053; 𝑛 schools: 1344; 𝑛 countries: 25).

	Model 0: empty model	Model 1: control variables	Model 2: family structure	Model 3: family structure; random slope	Model 4: country; cluster	Model 5: family structure × country cluster
Fixed	exp(𝐵) (S.E.)	exp(𝐵) (S.E.)	exp(𝐵) (S.E.)	exp(𝐵) (S.E.)	exp(𝐵) (S.E.)	exp(𝐵) (S.E.)
Intercept	.16 (.02)***	.10 (.01)***	.13 (.01)***	.13 (.01)***	.10 (.02)***	.14 (.02)***
Grade 8 (ref. grade 7)		.91 (.03)***	.91 (.03)***	.91 (.03)***	.91 (.03)**	.91 (.07)**
Grade 9 (ref. grade 7)		1.09 (.04)*	1.09 (.04)*	1.09 (.04)*	1.09 (.04)*	1.09 (.03)*
Male (ref. female)		1.43 (.04)***	1.45 (.04)***	1.45 (.04)***	1.45 (.04)***	1.45 (.03)***
Native (ref. migrant)		1.37 (.05)***	1.37 (.05)***	1.37 (.05)***	1.37 (.05)***	1.37 (.03)***
Family structure (ref. incomplete; family)			.72 (.02)***	.73 (.03)***	.73 (.03)***	.55 (.11)***
Western Europe (ref.; Northern Europe, NE)					1.68 (.44)*	1.34 (.29)
Mediterranean countries (ref. NE)					1.10 (.33)	.63 (.36)
Postsocialist countries (ref. NE)					1.36 (.34)	.75 (.27)
Family structure ×; Western Europe (ref. NE)						1.22 (.03)*
Family structure × Mediterranean; countries (ref. NE)						1.52 (.01)***
Family structure × Postsocialist; countries (ref. NE)						1.56 (.01)***
Random
Var. school	.273	.254	.253	.254	.254	.255
Var. country	.246	.240	.234	.293	.273	.205
Var. family structure				.024	.026	.001
Cor. family structure, intercept				−.554	−.645	−1.000
LR test	𝜒^2(2) = 1850***	𝜒^2(4) = 317***	𝜒^2(1) = 136***	𝜒^2(2) = 9**	𝜒^2(3)= 4.3 ns	𝜒^2(6) = 27.8***

*** 𝑃<.001; **𝑃<.01; *𝑃<.05. Models 4 and 5 are compared to Model 3.