The Effect of Family Factors on Intense Alcohol Use among European Adolescents: A Multilevel Analysis

Table 3

Adjusted odds ratios for five family variables by country (controlled for gender, grade, and migrant status).

Country	Family structure	Family bonding	Parental supervision	Affluence	Negative life events
Armenia	1.95	0.90	0.72	1.18	1.08
Austria	0.63	0.64	0.68	1.24	1.25
Belgium	0.68	0.70	0.65	1.25	1.21
Bosnia and Herzegovina	1.51	0.66	0.58	1.19	1.18
Cyprus	0.95	0.74	0.52	1.12	1.30
Czech Republic	0.88	0.80	0.64	1.12	1.10
Denmark	0.54	0.57	0.57	1.17	1.31
Estonia	0.85	0.72	0.61	1.11	1.19
Finland	0.64	0.54	0.46	1.18	1.37
France	0.63	0.68	0.71	1.27	1.26
Germany	0.67	0.66	0.66	1.76	1.29
Hungary	0.79	0.65	0.59	1.10	1.06
Iceland	0.35	0.55	0.47	0.58	1.74
Ireland	0.55	0.62	0.52	0.83	1.45
Italy	0.76	0.73	0.66	1.18	1.20
Lithuania	0.72	0.77	0.61	1.02	1.16
Netherlands	0.79	0.68	0.70	1.58	1.31
Norway	0.67	0.64	0.61	1.20	1.31
Poland	0.71	0.74	0.54	1.10	1.21
Portugal	0.92	1.00	0.66	1.17	1.09
Russia	0.77	0.59	0.57	1.24	1.17
Slovenia	0.72	0.68	0.54	0.91	1.19
Spain	0.87	0.79	0.69	1.21	1.26
Sweden	0.51	0.65	0.51	1.21	1.42
Switzerland	0.75	0.59	0.59	1.27	1.32