The Effect of Family Factors on Intense Alcohol Use among European Adolescents: A Multilevel Analysis

Table 4

The results of multilevel analysis concerning bonding (last model: 𝑛 individuals 52724; 𝑛 schools 1344; 𝑛 countries: 25).

	Model 0: empty model	Model 1: control variables	Model 2: bonding	Model 3: cross-level interaction bonding random slope	Model 4: country cluster	Model 5: family bonding × country cluster
Fixed	exp(𝐵) (S.E.)	exp(𝐵) (S.E.)	exp(𝐵) (S.E.)	exp(𝐵) (S.E.)	exp(𝐵) (S.E.)	exp(𝐵) (S.E.)
Intercept	.16 (.02)***	.10 (.01)***	.10 (.01)***	.10 (.01)***	.10 (.02)***	.09 (.02)***
Grade 8 (ref. grade 7)		.91 (.03)***	.86 (.03)***	.86 (.03)***	.86 (.03)***	.85 (.07)***
Grade 9 (ref. grade 7)		1.09 (.04)**	.96 (.03) ns	.96 (.03) ns	.95 (.03)	.96 (.03) ns
Male (ref. female)		1.43 (.04)***	1.51 (.04)***	1.51 (.04)***	1.51 (.04)***	1.51 (.03)***
Native (ref. migrant)		1.37 (.05)***	1.43 (.05)***	1.43 (.05)***	1.43 (.05)***	1.44 (.04)***
bonding			.68 (.01)***	.68 (.02)***	.68 (.02)***	.57 (.06)***
Western Europe (ref.; Northern Europe, NE)					1.40 (.35)	1.49 (.27)
Mediterranean countries (ref.; NE)					.69 (.20)	.84 (.32)
Postsocialist countries (ref.; NE)					.82 (.20)	.96 (.25)
bonding x Western Europe; (ref. NE)						1.12 (.02)*
bonding x Mediterranean; countries (ref. NE)						1.37 (.01)***
bonding x Postsocialist; countries (ref. NE)						1.26 (.01)***
Random
Var. school	.271	.252	.252	.249	.250	.250
Var. country	.244	.239	.223	.224	.182	.177
Var. bonding				.013	.013	.002
Cor. bonding, intercept				−.185	.227	.167
LR test	𝜒^2(2) = 1830***	𝜒^2(4) = 315***	𝜒^2(1) = 1020***	𝜒^2(2) = 48***	𝜒^2(3) = 5.2 ns	𝜒^2(6) = 29***

*** 𝑃<.001; **𝑃<.01; *𝑃<.05. Models 4 and 5 are compared to Model 3.