Impact of Substance Use Disorder on Presentation and Short-Term Course of Schizophrenia

Table 3

PANSS, HARS, BPRS, and Calgary scale for depression scores at 3 weeks in schizophrenia patients with substance use disorder (Group 1) and without substance use disorder (Group 2).

	Variables	Group 1 (𝑛=91) Mean ± s.d.	Group 2 (𝑛=52) Mean ± s.d.	𝑡	Sig	CI Lower bound	CI Upper bound
PANSS	Positive scale	17.00±6.80	16.71±7.63	0.23	0.81	−2.15	2.73
	Negative scale; Total score	19.52±7.97	19.07±7.25	0.33	0.73	−2.20	3.10
	Negative scale; Difficulty in abstraction	3.64±1.53	3.03±1.65	2.21	0.02	0.66	1.15
	General; psychopathology scale	31.61±7.86	32.26±8.67	−0.460	0.64	−3.461	2.153
HARS	Total score	10.43±7.30	9.15±6.33	1.06	0.29	−1.11	3.68
BPRS	Total score	19.85±9.77	19.53±10.49	0.18	0.85	−3.13	3.76
	Mannerism/posturing	0.27±0.65	0.46±0.61	−1.689	0.09	−0.41	−0.40
Calgary scale for depression	Depression	0.85±0.91	0.50±.72	2.41	0.01	6.46	0.64
	Hopelessness	0.43±0.77	0.23±.54	1.70	0.09	−3.27	0.450
	Self-depreciation	0.42±0.74	0.15±.41	2.44	0.01	5.23	0.49
	Guilty ideas of reference	0.20±0.56	0.13±.52	0.77	0.44	−0.11	0.26
	Pathological guilt	0.16±0.50	0.16±.35	0.87	0.38	−8.73	0.22
	Morning depression	0.27±0.59	0.21±.53	0.63	0.52	−0.13	0.26
	Early waking	0.39±0.77	0.28±.63	0.84	0.39	−0.14	0.35
	Suicide	0.25±0.69	0.13±.39	1.12	0.26	−8.90	0.32
	Observed depression	0.68±0.89	0.38±.77	2.00	0.04	4.31	0.58
	Total Calgary score	3.70±5.02	2.13±3.84	1.94	0.05	−2.47	3.16

CI: confidence interval; “𝑡”: 𝑡 statistic; degree of freedom = 141.