Research Article
Executive Functions and Adaptive Behaviour in Autism Spectrum Disorders with and without Intellectual Disability
Table 3
Means, SD, and statistically significant differences (
test; Bonferroni correction:
; Cohen’s test) obtained from ASD and no-ASD groups at WCST.
| | | ASD
Mean (SD) | No-ASD
Mean (SD) | | Bonferroni adjusted values | Cohen’s |
| | | Flexibility: WCST errors % | | Total ASD/no-ASD | 29.85 (9.38) | 21.33 (7.7) | <.001 | <.008 | 0.99 | | HF-ASD/TD | 25.25 (6.53) | 14.63 (4.5) | <.001 | <.008 | 1.89 | | ASD-BIF/BIF | 28.5 (7.15) | 19.42 (4.48) | <.001 | <.008 | 1.52 | | ASD-MID/MID | 36.38 (10.57) | 27.23 (7.51) | .031 | ns | 0.99 |
| | | Perseverative responses % | | Total ASD/no-ASD | 20.89 (9.04) | 10.67 (3.93) | <.001 | <.008 | 1.47 | | HF-ASD/TD | 19.38 (7.23) | 8.75 (2.76) | <.001 | <.008 | 1.94 | | ASD-BIF/BIF | 19.63 (9.78) | 10.42 (2.35) | .005 | .04 | 1.29 | | ASD-MID/MID | 24.63 (10.49) | 12.08 (5.2) | .002 | .016 | 1.51 |
| | | Perseverative errors % | | Total ASD/no-ASD | 17.19 (8.62) | 9.94 (3.45) | <.001 | <.008 | 1.10 | | HF-ASD/TD | 14.25 (6.2) | 7.75 (1.83) | .01 | ns | 1.42 | | ASD-BIF/BIF | 17 (7.54) | 9.17 (2.25) | .003 | .024 | 1.41 | | ASD-MID/MID | 22.38 (10.61) | 12 (4.1) | .005 | .04 | 1.29 |
| | | Number of categories | | Total ASD/no-ASD | 4.44 (1.85) | 5.61 (1.03) | .02 | ns | −0.78 | | HF-ASD/TD | 4.75 (1.81) | 6 (0) | ns | ns | −0.97 | | ASD-BIF/BIF | 4.5 (1.69) | 6 (0) | .006 | .048 | −1.25 | | ASD-MID/MID | 3.5 (1.85) | 5 (1.47) | .05 | ns | −0.89 |
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ASD: autism spectrum disorders; HF: high functioning; BIF: borderline intellectual functioning; MID: mild intellectual disability; TD: typical development; ns: no significance.
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