Forethought in Youth with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: An fMRI Study of Sex-Specific Differences
Table 4
Brain activations during forethought: contrast INCO-CO in participants with ADHD and typically developing (TD) youth.
Comparison/region
(voxel)
value
MNI
value
TD-ADHD
Right parietal postcentral gyrus, BA 1
124
4.42
66
−22
40
0.000
Left cingulate gyrus, BA 24
126
3.69
−3
−4
46
0.000
Right middle frontal gyrus, BA 6
92
4.10
27
−7
67
0.000
Right anterior lobe, culmen
64
3.62
30
−52
−32
0.000
ADHD-TD
No voxel activated
TD boys-ADHD boys
Bilateral superior frontal gyrus, BA 6
3300
4.36
−18
−4
58
0.000
Left inferior parietal lobule, BA 40
158
3.81
−66
−34
31
0.000
Right superior parietal lobule, BA 7
110
3.22
12
−64
61
0.001
ADHD boys-TD boys
Right amygdala
578
3.18
39
−4
−20
0.001
Left superior temporal gyrus
114
3.15
−39
8
−23
0.001
TD girls-ADHD girls
Right cerebellum, culmen
549
3.61
69
−22
34
0.000
Right, postcentral gyrus, BA 2
180
3.25
30
−55
−29
0.001
Right middle temporal gyrus, BA 21
137
3.70
57
−55
−1
0.000
Left claustrum
38
3.25
−24
26
−8
0.001
Right frontal gyrus, BA 10
32
3.15
45
53
1
0.001
Right, inferior frontal gyrus, BA 47
21
3.03
33
20
−20
0.001
ADHD girls-TD girls
No voxel activated
Note. Minimum cluster threshold = 10 voxels; TD, typically developing youth; ADHD, youth with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorders; INCO-CO, contrast between incoherent and coherent conditions; MNI, Montreal Neurological Institute; BA, Brodmann Area; (voxel) gives the number of voxels in each cluster; the value is the -score given for that specific cluster with its value associated; , , corresponds to the , , MNI coordinates of the most central voxel of the cluster.
