Self-Reported Adverse Drug Reactions, Medication Adherence, and Clinical Outcomes among Major Depressive Disorder Patients in Ethiopia: A Prospective Hospital Based Study

Table 4

Factors associated with the clinical outcome.

Variable	Treatment outcome		Crude OR 95% CI	Adjusted OR 95% CI
	Improved (125; 57.6%)	Unimproved (92; 42.4%)
Sex
Male	83 (38.25)	39 (17.97)	1	1
Female	42 (19.35)	53 (24.42)	2.686 1.541–4.681	2.919 1.527–5.279
Residence
Urban	74 (34.01)	51 (23.51)	1	1
Rural	51 (23.50)	41 (18.89)	1.166 0.677–2.010	0.812 0.380–1.734
Disease duration
Less than two years	41 (18.89)	51 (23.50)	1	1
More than two years	84 (15.47)	41 (18.89)	0.392 0.225–1.684	0.249 0.122–1.508
Distance
<2 hours	94 (43.32)	59 (27.19)	1	1
≥2 hours	31 (14.29)	33 (15.21)	1.333 0.49–2.686	1.367 0.603–3.099
Other psychiatric illnesses
Yes	68 (43.31)	57 (26.26)	1	1
No	57 (26.26)	35 (16.13)	1.365 0.789–2.363	0.824 0.414–1.642
Naranjo score
Possible	10 (4.60)	9 (4.15)	1	Ref
Probable	91 (41.93)	77 (35.48)	0.940 0.363–2.432	0.898 0.303–2.669
Level of adherence
Optimal	62 (28.57)	31 (14.28)	0.37 0.110–5.379	0.432 0.201–0.909
Suboptimal	63 (29.03)	61 (28.11)	1	1
Severity of ADR
Moderate	86 (39.63)	64 (29.49)	1	1
Sever	14 (6.45)	22 (10.14)	2.112 1.003–4.444	2.133 0.912–4.990

Statistically significant at 0.05. Significant at 0.01.