Research Article
Substance Use as a Strong Predictor of Poor Academic Achievement among University Students
Table 3
Substance use and some selected variables of students with respect to gender, 2015.
| | Variables | Gender | χ2 | df | value | | Male (%) | Female (%) |
| | Alcohol use | | | | | | | Never | 358 (49.4) | 188 (25.8) | 1.5 | 2 | 0.47 | | Monthly or less | 91 (12.6) | 37 (5.1) | | At least weekly | 33 (4.6) | 18 (2.5) | | Smoking | | | | | | | Never smoke | 453 (62.5) | 231 (31.9) | 0.3 | 1 | 0.55 | | Smoker | 29 (4.0) | 12 (1.7) | | Khat chewing | | | | | | | Never | 425 (58.6) | 226 (31.2) | 5.3 | 2 | 0.07 | | Monthly or less | 24 (3.3) | 10 (1.4) | | At least weekly | 33 (4.6) | 7 (1.0) | | Parent substance use | | | | | | | Yes | 113 (15.6) | 47 (6.5) | 1.6 | 1 | 0.21 | | No | 369 (50.9) | 196 (27.0) | | Substance user friend | | | | | | | Yes | 181 (25.0) | 56 (7.7) | 15.5 | 1 | <0.001 | | No | 301 (41.5) | 187 (25.8) | | CAGE-AID score | | | | | | | <2 | 408 (56.3) | 219 (30.2) | 4.1 | 1 | 0.04 | | >2 | 74 (10.2) | 24 (3.3) | | Current substance use | | | | | | | Yes | 145 (20.0) | 62 (8.6) | 1.7 | 1 | 0.19 | | No | 337 (46.5) | 181 (25.0) | | Lifetime substance use | | | | | | | No | 311 (42.9) | 174 (24.0) | 3.7 | 1 | 0.06 | | Yes | 171 (23.6) | 69 (9.5) | | Age | | | | | | | ≤21 years | 264 (36.4) | 190 (26.4) | 37.8 | 1 | <0.001 | | >21 years | 218 (30.1) | 53 (7.3) | | Residence | | | | | | | Rural | 289 (39.8) | 123 (17.0) | 5.7 | 1 | 0.02 | | Urban | 193 (26.6) | 120 (16.6) | | Pocket money | | | | | | | ≤200 ETB | 138 (19) | 69 (9.5) | 0.01 | 1 | 0.9 | | >200 ETB | 344 (47.4) | 174 (20.0) |
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