Research Article

Substance Use as a Strong Predictor of Poor Academic Achievement among University Students

Table 5

Linear regression for substance use and academic performance among students, 2015.

VariablesBetaB (95% CI)

(Constant)2.24 (0.89, 3.59)
Age of the student
 …0.030.01 (−0.04, 0.06)
Sex
 Female
 Male0.290.35 (0.19, 0.52)
Marital status
 Single
 Ever married−0.11−0.27 (−0.58, 0.04)
 In open relationship−0.05−0.08 (−0.27, 0.11)
Origin of residence
 Rural
 Urban−0.17−0.19 (−0.32, −0.06)
Year of study
 …0.020.01 (−0.06, 0.07)
Current smoking
 Yes−0.19−0.27 (−0.46, −0.09)
 No
Current khat chewing
 Never
 Monthly or less−0.004−0.01 (-0.20, 0.19)
 At least weekly−0.17−0.24 (−0.44, −0.04)
Having intimate friend who uses substance
 No
 Yes−0.15−0.17 (−0.31, −0.03)
Parent substance use
 Yes0.020.03 (−0.10, 0.16)
 No
Hostel service user
 Yes0.080.09 (−0.06, 0.24)
 No
Happy for using substance
 Yes−0.04−0.04 (−0.18, 0.09)
 No
Any illness during the stay in the university
 Yes0.090.18 (−0.04, 0.40)
 No
Interest in department (field of study)
 No−0.01−0.02 (−0.19, 0.15)
 Yes
Problematic substance use
(CAGE-AID score ≥ 2)
 Yes−0.09−0.10 (−0.24, 0.04)
 No
Current substance use
 Yes0.060.47 (−0.48, 1.43)
 No
Religion
 Orthodox
 Muslim−0.03−0.06 (−0.31, 0.18)
 Protestant−0.07−0.09 (−0.24, 0.06)
Substance starting time
 Never
 Before joining WSU§
 At 1st year−0.07−0.09 (−0.25, 0.07)
 Second year & above−0.01−0.02 (−0.19, 0.16)
Drinking alcohol
 Never
 Monthly−0.08−0.11 (−0.27, 0.05)
 Weekly−0.01−0.02 (−0.21, 0.17)
 Daily−0.22−0.51 (−0.79, −0.23)

from the model. Dependent variable: CGPA, .
value < 0.05, value < 0.01, value < 0.001.
Beta: standardized coefficient; B: unstandardized coefficient.