The Temporal Relationship between Selected Mental Disorders and Substance-Related Disorders: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study
Table 3
Estimated hazard ratio of the subsequent onset of substance-related disorders for mental illness compared to those without, adjusted for age, gender, urban level, and income level (N=248,846).
Substance-related disorders
HR
(95% CI)
-value
Mental Illness vs. Control
5.09
(4.74,5.48)
<.0001
Neurotic disorders
4.84
(4.48,5.23)
<.0001
Affective Psychoses
10.99
(9.36,12.90)
<.0001
Adjustment reaction
9.67
(6.92,13.51)
<.0001
Schizophrenia
11.17
(7.73,16.14)
<.0001
Personality disorders
25.05
(14.37,43.67)
<.0001
Age (years)
10-19
2.54
(2.00,2.99)
<.0001
20-29
6.81
(5.90,7.86)
<.0001
30-39
7.92
(6.89,9.11)
<.0001
40-49
5.16
(4.48,5.95)
<.0001
50-59
2.83
(2.44,3.29)
<.0001
60-69
1.82
(1.55,2.14)
<.0001
≥70
Ref.
Gender
Male
4.30
(4.04,4.57)
<.0001
Female
Ref.
Urban level
Highest urbanization
Ref.
High urbanization
1.05
(0.97,1.13)
0.2809
Moderate
1.03
(0.94,1.13)
0.5125
Low urbanization
1.07
(0.98,1.17)
0.1345
Lowest urbanization
1.30
(1.19,1.43)
<.0001
Income level (NT$)
≦18,780
3.89
(3.34,4.52)
<.0001
18,780-22,800
3.03
(2.59,3.54)
<.0001
22,801-28,800
2.21
(1.83,2.67)
<.0001
28,801-36,300
1.73
(1.43,2.10)
<.0001
36,301-45,800
1.72
(1.42,2.08)
<.0001
≧45,801
Ref.
calculated by using the Cox proportional hazard model.
