Research Article

Association between Neighborhood Conditions and Mental Disorders among Children in the US: Evidence from the National Survey of Children’s Health 2011/12

Table 2

Sociodemographic characteristics and any current diagnosed mental disorder (ACDMD) among children (total unweighted count = 65,680 total unweighted count of children with current diagnosed mental disorder = 8,927).

VariableTotalACDMDACDMDACDMD
Unweighted count (weighted%)Unweighted count (weighted%)Unadjusted OR (95% CI)Adjusted OR (95% CI)
YesNo

Child’s age (years)
6–815420 (24.59)1449 (9.40)13909 (90.60)ReferenceReference
9–1115659 (24.77)2239 (14.32)13372 (85.68)1.61 (1.38, 1.90)1.47 (1.19, 1.81)
12–1416157 (24.95)2398 (14.64)13675 (85.36)1.65 (1.42, 1.92)1.44 (1.17, 1.77)
15–1718444 (25.69)2847 (16.02)15508 (83.98)1.84 (1.59, 2.13)1.57 (1.27, 1.93)

Child’s sex
Male33986 (51.21)5755 (17.02)28051 (82.98)1.83 (1.65, 2.04)1.97 (1.71, 2.27)
Female31607 (48.79)3172 (10.06)28333 (89.94)ReferenceReference

Child’s race
Hispanic8073 (22.32)868 (9.55)7173 (90.45)0.55 (0.46, 0.66)0.53 (0.39, 0.71)
White, non-Hispanic43153 (53.72)6259 (16.10)36720 (83.90)ReferenceReference
Black, non-Hispanic6177 (14.22)787 (13.35)5361 (86.65)0.80 (0.69, 0.93)0.53 (0.40, 0.69)
Multiracial/other, non-Hispanic6712 (9.74)845 (11.09)5832 (88.91)0.65 (0.55, 0.76)0.48 (0.39, 0.60)

Poverty level of the household
<100% FPL9135 (20.66)1740 (16.91)7342 (83.09)1.59 (1.38, 1.83)1.14 (0.89, 1.47)
100–199% FPL11449 (21.42)1814 (14.63)9575 (85.37)1.34 (1.16, 1.54)0.96 (0.79, 1.18)
200–399% FPL20329 (28.86)2519 (12.80)17732 (87.20)1.15 (1.00, 1.32)0.91 (0.77, 1.07)
400 or more FPL24767 (29.06)2860 (11.36)21815 (88.64)ReferenceReference

Father’s mental health
Excellent/very good/good49441 (94.75)5505 (11.19)43759 (88.81)ReferenceReference
Fair/poor2359 (5.25)529 (23.14)1798 (76.86)2.39 (1.94, 2.95)1.35 (1.01, 1.81)

Mother’s mental health
Excellent/very good/good56091 (91.79)6688 (12.13)49196 (87.87)ReferenceReference
Fair/poor3965 (8.21)1139 (26.23)2796 (73.77)2.58 (2.19, 3.03)1.84 (1.39, 2.43)

Father’s highest education
Less than high school3882 (14.06)460 (10.23)3390 (89.77)0.86 (0.69, 1.08)0.77 (0.56, 1.07)
High school graduate11353 (24.33)1539 (13.34)9772 (86.66)1.16 (1.01, 1.34)1.03 (0.86, 1.24)
More than high school35852 (61.61)3971 (11.70)31751 (88.30)ReferenceReference

Mother’s highest education
Less than high school4364 (14.11)590 (11.85)3752 (88.15)0.88 (0.73, 1.07)0.80 (0.57, 1.13)
High school graduate10992 (21.86)1634 (14.78)9315 (85.22)1.14 (1.00, 1.29)0.94 (0.77, 1.14)
More than high school44026 (64.03)5537 (13.21)38325 (86.79)ReferenceReference

Number of ACEs
033718 (46.58)2841 (8.12)30760 (91.88)ReferenceReference
115526 (25.89)2085 (12.93)13377 (87.07)1.68 (1.47, 1.92)1.73 (1.46, 2.05)
27026 (12.28)1341 (17.76)5638 (82.24)2.44 (2.09, 2.86)2.26 (1.77, 2.88)
3-46051 (10.86)1571 (24.59)4442 (75.41)3.69 (3.14, 4.33)3.01 (2.30, 3.94)
5–92558 (4.39)1007 (39.20)1537 (60.80)7.29 (6.01, 8.86)6.36 (4.67, 8.65)

FPL = federal poverty level; adjusted odds ratio (AOR) from multivariable model I adjusted for neighborhood amenities, detracting element count, supportive neighborhood, neighborhood safety, school safety, age, sex, race, poverty, father’s mental health, mother’s mental health, father’s education, mother’s education, and number of ACEs.