Gender Differences in the Prevalence of Depression among the Working Population of Nepal
Table 1
Comparison of sociodemographic variables between working men and working women.
Total n(%)
Men
Women
P
n(%)
160(100)
79(49)
81(51)
Age groups (years)
21-40
95(59)
44(27)
51(32)
0.3
41-65
65(41)
35(22)
30(19)
Religion
Hindu
118(74)
58(36)
60(38)
0.9
Others
42(26)
21(13)
21(13)
Ethnic groups
Brahman and Chhetri
62(39)
37(23)
25(16)
0.2
Newar
27(17)
12(8)
15(9)
Janajati
56(35)
23(14)
33(21)
Occupational caste (dalit)
15(9)
7(4)
8(5)
Occupation
Legislators, Officials & Managers
15(9)
10(6)
5(3)
0.1
Professionals
29(18)
12(7)
17(11)
Technicians and associate Professionals
11(7)
8(5)
3(2)
Office assistance, clerk
4(3)
4(3)
0(0)
Service workers & shop & market sales workers
36(23)
15(10)
21(13)
Skilled and semi-skilled agriculture forestry and fishery workers
44(27)
20(12)
24(15)
Craft and related trades workers
12(7)
7(4)
5(3)
Elementary Occupations
9(6)
3(2)
6(4)
Education
Above Higher Secondary School
49(31)
26(16)
23(15)
0.2
Higher Secondary School
15(9)
10(6)
5(3)
Secondary School
47(29)
25(15)
22(14)
Primary School
27(17)
10(6)
17(11)
No formal education
22(14)
8(5)
14(9)
BMI
Normal
56(35)
31(19)
25(16)
0.2
Overweight
78(49)
39(24.5)
39(24.5)
Obese
26(16)
9(6)
17(10)
Family Type
Alone
24(15)
7(4)
17(11)
0.01
Nuclear family
77(48)
35(22)
42(26)
Joint family
59(37)
37(23)
22(14)
Marital Status
Married
128(80)
66(41)
62(39)
0.3
Unmarried
10(6)
3(2)
7(4)
Marital discord
22(14)
10(6)
12(8)
Socioeconomic Status
Lower middle and lower class
107(67)
51(32)
56(35)
0.5
Upper middle and upper class
53(33)
28(17)
25(16)
Lifestyle
Active
92(58)
46(29)
46(29)
0.8
Sedentary
68(42)
33(20)
35(22)
Depression scores
BDI (Ia) score < 20
136(85)
73(46)
63(39)
0.01
BDI (Ia) score ≥ 20 (moderate depression)
24(15)
6(4)
18(11)
Physical Comorbidities
None
81(50)
42(26)
39(24)
0.9
Endocrine disorders
21(13)
10(6)
11(7)
Vitamin D deficiency
33(21)
16(10)
17(11)
Pain
25(16)
11(7)
14(9)
All values are expressed as number (percentage) [n(%)] of rows exception n(%) where values are expressed as number (percentage) [n(%)] of columns. Comparisons between men and women were performed using χ2 test except where Fischer’s exact test was used.
