Gender Differences in the Prevalence of Depression among the Working Population of Nepal
Table 3
Prevalence of moderate depression amongst various characteristics of men and women.
Moderate depression
Variables
Gender
Absent
Present
Total
P value
Age groups
21-40 years
Men
39(41)
5(5)
44(46)
0.2
Women
41(43)
10(11)
51(54)
41-65 years
Men
34(52)
1(2)
35(54)
0.009
Women
22(34)
8(12)
30(46)
Religion
Hindu
Men
53(45)
5(4)
58(49)
0.4
Women
52(44)
8(7)
60(51)
Others
Men
20(48)
1(2)
21(50)
0.002
Women
11(26)
10(24)
21(50)
Ethnic groups
Brahman and Chhetri
Men
34(55)
3(5)
37(60)
0.1
Women
19(30)
6(10)
25(40)
Newar
Men
11(40)
1(4)
12(44)
0.6
Women
12(44)
3(11)
15(55)
Janajati
Men
23(41)
0
23(41)
0.007
Women
24(43)
9(16)
33(59)
Occupational caste (dalit)
Men
5(33)
2(13)
7(46)
0.2
Women
8(53)
0
8(53)
Family type
Alone
Men
7(29)
0
7(29)
0.2
Women
13(54)
4(17)
17(71)
Nuclear
Men
34(44)
1(1)
35(45)
0.03
Women
34(44)
8(10)
42(54)
Joint
Men
32(54)
5(9)
37(63)
0.3
Women
16(27)
6(10)
22(37)
Marital status
Married
Men
61(48)
5(4)
66(52)
0.01
Women
48(38)
14(11)
62(49)
Marital discord
Men
9(41)
1(5)
10(46)
0.3
Women
8(36)
4(18)
12(54)
Socioeconomic Status
Lower middle and lower class
Men
46(43)
5(5)
51(48)
0.04
Women
42(39)
14(13)
56(52)
Upper middle and upper class
Men
27(51)
1(2)
28(53)
0.1
Women
21(40)
4(7)
25(47)
Lifestyle
Active
Men
43(47)
3(3)
46(50)
0.7
Women
41(45)
5(5)
46(50)
Sedentary
Men
30(44)
3(4)
33(48)
0.006
Women
22(32)
13(19)
35(51)
Physical comorbidities
None
Men
39(48)
3(4)
42(52)
0.3
Women
33(41)
6(7)
39(48)
Endocrine disorders
Men
10(48)
0
10(48)
0.03
Women
6(28)
5(24)
11(52)
Vitamin D deficiency
Men
13(39)
3(9)
16(48)
0.4
Women
11(33)
6(18)
17(51)
Pain
Men
11(44)
0
11(44)
1
Women
13(52)
1(4)
14(56)
All values are expressed as number (percentage) [n(%)] of rows. Moderate depression: cut-off score of BDI I(a) score ≥ 20. Comparisons of different variables of men and women with prevalence of moderate depression were performed using χ2 test or Fischer’s exact test.
