Internalized Stigma and Associated Factors among Patients with Major Depressive Disorder at the Outpatient Department of Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2019: A Cross-Sectional Study
Table 3
Bivariable and multivariable binary logistic regression analysis showing an association between high internalized stigma and associated factors among patients with major depressive disorder visiting adult outpatient department at Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2019 ().
Explanatory variables
High internalized stigma
COR (95% CI)
AOR (95% CI)
value
Yes
No
Sex
Female
91
129
2.16 (1.42, 3.29)
1.70 (0.96, 3.01)
Male
48
147
1
1
Marital status
Married
40
147
1
1
Single
61
75
2.99 (1.84, 4.86)
2.54 (1.30, 4.95)
0.006
Divorced/widowed
38
54
2.59 (1.50, 4.45)
1.57 (0.79, 3.10)
Occupational status
Employed
35
80
1
1
Merchant
24
54
1.016 (0.54, 1.89)
1.07 (0.47, 2.45)
Farmer
14
43
0.74 (0.36, 1.53)
1.08 (0.42, 2.80)
Jobless
53
59
2.05 (1.19, 3.54)
1.11 (0.47, 2.59)
Others
13
40
0.743 (0.35, 1.56)
0.70 (0.25, 1.98)
Income
<1627 ETB (<57$)
108
170
2.17 (1.36, 3.47)
1.06 (0.51, 2.20)
≥1627 ETB (≥57$)
31
106
1
1
Duration of illness
<2 years
21
102
1
1
≥2 years
118
174
3.29 (1.95, 5.57)
3.21 (1.66, 6.19)
0.001
Comorbid physical illness
Yes
43
62
1.55 (1.01, 2.42)
1.18 (0.65, 2.14)
No
96
214
1
1
Suicidal attempt
Yes
73
70
3.26 (2.12, 5)
2.33 (1.35, 3.99)
0.002
No
66
206
1
1
Adherence to treatment
Nonadherent
65
43
4.76 (2.98, 7.58)
2.93 (1.62, 5.29)
<0.001
Adherent
74
233
1
1
Objective severity
Mild
40
106
1
1
Moderate
78
151
1.37 (0.86, 2.16)
1.20 (0.68, 2.14)
Severe
21
19
2.93 (1.42, 6.01)
2.54 (0.95, 6.77)
Social support
Poor
91
75
5.23 (2.66, 10.28)
4.72 (2.09, 10.64)
<0.001
Moderate
35
145
1.04 (0.51, 2.11)
1.00 (0.43, 2.36)
Strong
13
56
1
1
Quality of life
Poor
96
110
3.37 (2.19, 5.19)
3.16 (1.82, 5.49)
<0.001
Good
43
166
1
1
Others: students, housewives, and daily laborers; ;; Hosmer and Lemeshow .
