Relapse and Clinical Characteristics of Patients with Bipolar Disorders in Central Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Table 2

Clinical characteristics and current psychopathology of patients with bipolar disorder () at the Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, 2015.

Variable	Frequency	Percentage (%)
Age at the onset of 1^st episode
Less than 18 years	67	16.8
18 to 24 years	155	38.7
Older than 24 years	178	44.5
Mood stabilizer
Yes	304	76
No	96	24
Antidepressant
Yes	56	14
No	344	86
Antipsychotic
Yes	259	64.7
No	141	35.3
Social support (Oslo-3)
Poor	133	33.2
Moderate	182	45.5
Strong	85	21.3
Duration of morbidity
Up to five years	189	47.3
Longer than five years	211	52.7
Perceived stress (PSS)
Low	109	27.2
Average	83	20.8
High	208	52
Medication adherence (MARS)
Low	109	27.3
Average	166	41.5
High	125	31.2
Alcohol consumption
Yes	112	28
No	288	72
Tobacco smoking
Yes	77	19.3
No	323	80.7
Khat chewing
Yes	67	16.8
No	333	83.2
Somatic symptoms
Yes	37	9.3
No	363	90.7
Anxiety symptoms
Yes	132	33
No	268	67
Perceptual disturbance
Yes	57	14.3
No	343	85.7
Guilty feeling
Yes	142	35.5
No	258	64.5
Mannerism
Yes	60	15
No	340	85
Grandiosity
Yes	98	24.5
No	302	75.5
Depressive symptoms
Yes	146	36.5
No	254	63.5
Hostility
Yes	100	25
No	300	75
Suspiciousness
Yes	119	29.8
No	281	70.2
Hallucination
Yes	63	15.8
No	337	84.2
Psychomotor disturbance
Yes	43	10.8
No	357	89.2

MARS: Medication Adherence Rating Scale; Oslo-3: Oslo Social Support Scale; PSS: Perceived Stress Scale.