Neurodevelopmental Disorder Traits in Taijin-Kyofu-sho and Social Anxiety Disorder: A Cross-Sectional Study among University Students

Table 1

Characteristics of participants.

	Control (, )	Participants with TK ()	Participants with SAD ()	value
Number	629	150†	86†	—
Mean age (standard deviation)	21.4 (2.01)	21.1 (2.01)	20.7 (2.16)	0.008^+
Sex, F/M (% F)	129/500 (20.5%)	44/106 (29.3%)	36/50 (41.9%)	^#
ADHD trait (%)	118 (18.8%)	49 (32.7%)	39 (45.3%)	^#
ASD trait (%)	11 (1.7%)	20 (13.3%)	15 (17.4%)	^#

TK: Taijin-Kyofu-sho; SAD: social anxiety disorder; TKs: Taijin-Kyofu-sho scale; LSAS: Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale; M: male; F: female; ADHD: attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; ASD: autism spectrum disorder. †There were 47 cases of comorbid TK and SAD. ⁺, Kruskal-Wallis test; ^#, chi-square test.