Malingering of Psychotic Symptoms in Psychiatric Settings: Theoretical Aspects and Clinical Considerations

Table 4

Dissimulation in connection to specific conditions and underlying motivations [10].

Disorder	Explanatory model	Characteristics associated with dissimulation and underlying motivations
Conduct disorder	Criminological	Poor impulse control and unpredictability
Reactive attachment disorder	Pathological; Adaptational	Secondary to extreme abuse and abandonment; Compensatory mechanisms in social situations
Factitious disorders	Criminological; Pathological; Adaptational	Secondary to antisocial behavior/psychopathy; Rigidity; Financial motivations
Substance abuse	Criminological; Pathological; Adaptational	Secondary to antisocial behavior/psychopathy; Self-medication/comorbidity; Avoiding adult responsibilities/escapism
Eating disorders	Pathological	Maintaining control/rigidity, distorted body image
Paraphilias	Criminological; Pathological	Luring victims/maintaining offending; Own abuse history leads to poor boundaries
Psychopathy	Criminological	Instrumental/game-playing/poor impulse control
False memory syndrome	Criminological; Pathological; Adaptational	Secondary to antisocial behavior/psychopathy; Regression/repression/avoiding responsibilities; Financial motivations (evaluating malingering)
Child custody	Criminological; Pathological; Adaptational	Extortion/lying to turn child against parent; Rigidity/pathological denial or acknowledgment; Denial of problems to remain with child
Chronic fatigue syndrome	Criminological; Pathological; Adaptational	Secondary to antisocial behavior/psychopathy; Secondary to mental illness/comorbidity; Financial motivations/receiving disability