The Effect of a Restraint Reduction Program on Physical Restraint Rates in Rehabilitation Settings in Hong Kong

Table 1

(a) Sample profile before intervention (I)

	Nonrestrained			Restrained
Mean/SD	Study site (𝑛=270)	Control site (𝑛=142)	P-value*	Study site (𝑛=128)	Control site (𝑛=6)	P-value*
Age	74.18/10.88	54.69/17.36	<0.001	78.03/9.88	69.67/14.43	0.16
MMSE	18.64/6.45	25.66/4.96	<0.001	12.71/6.39	18.50/7.82	0.053
MBI	14.30/5.00	15.23/3.08	0.69	9.23/5.05	11.33/3.98	0.221
Morse Fall Scale	29.98/16.80	20.77/15.37	<0.001	31.05/17.85	20.00/18.71	0.085

MMSE: Mini-Mental State Examination; MBI: Morse Fall Scale.

(b) Sample profile before intervention (II)

		Nonrestrained			Restrained
	%	Study site (𝑛=270)	Control site (𝑛=142)	P-value*	Study site (𝑛=128)	Control site (𝑛=6)	P-value*
Gender	M	52.6	40.1	0.016	33.6	83.3	0.013
	F	47.4	59.9		66.4	16.7
Psychoactive drug	Yes	1.9	2.1	0.855	6.3	0	0.528
	No	98.1	97.9		93.8	100
Vision	Normal	39.6	43	0.514	38.3	33.3	0.807
	Impaired	60.4	57		61.7	66.7
Hearing	Normal	84.1	88.7	0.2	80.8	83.3	0.862
	Impaired	15.9	11.3		19.2	16.7
History of fall in hospital	Yes	99.3	95.1	0.006	100	100	N/A
	No	0.7	4.9		0	0