Effectiveness of the Gaze Direction Recognition Task for Chronic Neck Pain and Cervical Range of Motion: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study
Table 2
aROM and pain VAS in the GDR task group and control group, measured before each experimental session.
Experimental session
Session 1
Session 2
Session 3
Session 4
Session 5
Session 6
Session 7
Session 8
Session 9
Session 10
Session 11
Session 12
GDR group =9)
Right rotation aROM (°)
Pre
38.3
43.3
48.4
50.4
*1
55.5
**1 *2
56.6
**1 *2
55.5
**1 **2 *3
56.5
**1 *2 *3
59.5
**1 **2 **3 *4
60.3
**1 **2 **3 **4
63.0
**1 **2 **3 **4 *7
62.5
**1 **2 **3 **4
SD
8.7
7.8
9.1
6.4
8.2
9.1
8.7
11.3
6.3
5.3
4.7
4.6
Left rotation aROM (°)
Pre
46.4
50.5
53.2
57.2
*1
57.5
**1
58.6
**1 **2 **3
58.1
**1 *3
59.6
**1 **2
61.8
**1 **2 **3
61.8
**1 **2 *3
61.8
**1 **2
62.4
**1 **2 *3
4.5
SD
6.7
7.9
9.5
11.9
10.1
9.4
11.0
9.1
4.8
4.5
7.4
Right rotation pain VAS (mm)
Pre
66.1
44.3
**1
30.9
**1
17.8
**1
16.0
**1 *2
18.3
**1
20.3
**1
21.3
**1
6.6
10.4
11.3
**1 **2
6.6
**1 **2 **3
**1 **2 *3
**1 **2 **3
SD
14.5
23.7
20.1
26.1
19.5
30.8
25.1
22.8
5.3
12.1
18.2
8.5
Left rotation pain VAS (mm)
Pre
48.1
32.8
26.9
**1
23.1
15.8
**1
17.0
**1
11.2
**1 **2
13.2
**1 **2
9.8
**1 **2
12.6
**1
12.6
**1
6.6
**1 **2 **3
SD
19.9
16.3
16.4
32.5
16.6
17.0
9.9
10.7
8.1
11.3
24.1
8.6
Control group ()
Right rotation aROM (°)
Pre
46.4
44.3
45.7
45.7
45.6
46.6
46.0
46.7
47.2
46.0
46.7
47.5
SD
7.9
7.2
7.8
10.4
7.3
8.2
7.7
8.0
7.1
7.4
7.8
7.6
left rotation aROM (°)
Pre
44.9
43.7
44.8
44.9
45.2
45.3
46.2
44.8
46.1
45.7
45.3
45.8
SD
6.8
6.2
7.2
5.9
5.8
5.3
6.0
5.7
5.1
5.3
5.5
5.7
Right rotation pain VAS (mm)
Pre
51.1
50.0
48.1
47.6
51.4
47.6
47.9
48.5
44.4
48.0
46.9
41.6
SD
25.2
24.0
21.8
22.9
23.6
23.1
24.4
25.0
22.4
26.0
23.6
22.0
Left rotation pain VAS (mm)
Pre
53.9
53.5
52.6
52.1
50.9
49.5
46.4
51.1
47.4
47.6
46.6
46.5
SD
15.3
16.5
17.9
11.8
12.1
13.3
13.7
15.8
10.6
10.9
11.1
10.1
Arom: active range of motion; VAS: visual analog scale for pain assessment. Pre: average in measurements before task; SD: standard deviation in measurements. *Significance in two-way repeated-measures ANOVA and factorial analysis of session by Bonferroni ad hoc test. *: < 0.05; **: < 0.01. The numbers after * represent the number of task session. In all parameters, the GDR task group showed significant sequential improvement, while the control group did not.
