The Association between Pain-Related Variables, Emotional Factors, and Attentional Functioning following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

Table 4

Scores (mean ± SD) of the three groups (MTBI-early, MTBI-late, normal controls) on self-report questionnaires. 𝐹 values and 𝑃 values are given.

	Controls	MTBI-early	MTBI-late	Statistic	𝑃 value
BDI	5.29 (±4.93)	9.20 (±6.06)	9.53 (±10.27)	𝐹=1.67	.200
BAI	5.94 (±4.28)	7.80 (±6.81)	9.33 (±15.61)	𝐹=0.47	.630
ESPC-R	2.18 (±4.45)	20.80 (±14.49)	20.93 (±26.55)	𝐹=6.35	.004
Present pain Intensity	0.94 (±2.11)	3.40 (±3.02)	2.47 (±2.00)	𝐹=4.29	.020
Pain disability	1.47 (±4.00)	20.40 (±17.13)	12.07 (±18.49)	𝐹=6.94	.002