Shoulder Pain, Functional Status, and Health-Related Quality of Life after Head and Neck Cancer Surgery

Table 4

Final models from the stepwise regression analyses

Outcome variables; Independent variables	𝑅^2	𝐵	SEb	𝑡	𝑃
HRQOL^a
Symptom experience
Physical well-being^b	0.24
(Constant)		3.15	0.18	17.55	<0.01
Shoulder pain distress		−0.12	0.41	−2.91	0.01
HRQOL^c
Functional status
Global HRQOL^d	0.18
(Constant)		3.44	0.19	18.03	<0.01
Eating impairment		−0.20	0.08	−2.41	0.02
Physical well-being^e	0.21
(Constant)		3.50	0.30	11.79	<0.01
Eating impairment		−0.34	0.13	−2.65	0.01
Functional well-being^f	0.45
(Constant)		3.58	0.26	13.61	<0.01
Speaking impairment		−0.43	0.13	−3.41	<0.01
Impaired body image		−0.20	0.08	−2.55	0.02

HRQOL: health-related quality of life.
^aNo statistically significant associations were found for symptom experience variables with global HRQOL, functional well-being, emotional well-being, or social well-being outcome variables.
^bShoulder pain intensity was dropped from the model.
^cNo statistically significant associations were found for functional status variables with emotional well-being or social well-being outcome variables.
^dShoulder abduction, breathing impairment, speaking impairment, and impaired body image were dropped from the model.
^eShoulder abduction, breathing impairment, speaking impairment, and impaired body image were dropped from the model.
^fShoulder abduction, breathing impairment, and eating impairment were dropped from the model.