Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind Pilot Study of D-Cycloserine in Chronic Stroke

Table 1

Characteristics and baseline assessment of study participants as a whole and by group (note that mean DETECT -scores were computed for and for DCS + RAP and placebo + RAP groups, resp., due to missing values resulting from technical issues with the instrument). Hx: history; Tx: therapy; SIS: Stroke Impact Scale; TPA: tissue plasminogen activator.

	Total	D-Cycloserine + RAP	Placebo + RAP
	()	()	()
Age [mean (SD)]	55.8 (13.1)	57.7 (7.3)	53.7 (18.4)	0.608
Men/women	3/10	0/7	3/3	0.033
Caucasian/African American	3/10	1/6	2/4	0.459
Marital status [married/divorced/widowed/other]	6/2/1/4	4/0/1/2	2/2/0/2	0.814
Years of education completed	13.6 (4.0)	14.1 (2.1)	13.0 (5.6)	0.626
Days after stroke [mean (SD)]	391.2 (252.1)	456.6 (253.9)	315 (249.5)	0.334
Smoking Hx, >10 pack-years [yes, no]	1/12	1/5	1/6	0.915
Received TPA [yes, no]	4/9	3/4	1/5	0.349
Neurointerventional Tx [yes, no]	1/12	0/7	1/5	0.363
Baseline performance measures
MMSE [mean score (SD)]	29.2 (1.1)	29.3 (0.8)	29.0 (1.5)	0.673
A-prime (SD)	0.9 (0.05)	0.9 (0.0)	0.9 (0.0)	0.085
Reaction time [sec (SD)]	1248.1 (700.9)	1147.8 (644.5)	1365.2 (806.2)	0.599
DETECT [mean -score (SD)]	10.1 (0.1)	10.2 (0.0)	10.1 (0.1)	0.393
Grip strength, affected hand [newtons (SD)]	4.8 (3.5)	4.0 (3.0)	5.7 (4.0)	0.390
Grip strength, unaffected hand [newtons (SD)]	28.6 (8.4)	23.6 (6.6)	34.5 (5.9)	0.011
BBT, affected hand [blocks moved (SD)]	9.7 (6.9)	9.7 (7.9)	9.6 (6.2)	0.991
BBT, unaffected hand [blocks moved (SD)]	45.9 (9.9)	48.7 (12.5)	42.7 (4.7)	0.289
CES-D [mean scale score, Day 1/mean (SD)]	12.3 (7.9)	15.1 (6.5)	9.2 (8.8)	0.185
SIS sections [scaled score (SD, FDR reported)]
Strength	51.0 (14.4)	50.1 (13.2)	51.0 (17.0)	0.986
Memory	77.7 (18.3)	72.9 (19.7)	83.3 (16.5)	0.330
Mood	77.4 (15.4)	72.6 (16.3)	82.9 (13.5)	0.248
Communication	89.3 (16.8)	85.7 (22.3)	93.5 (6.2)	0.430
ADL/IADL	78.2 (17.2)	78.2 (19.9)	78.2 (15.2)	0.995
Mobility	70.0 (19.2)	64.6 (23.9)	76.3 (10.6)	0.297
Hand function	26.2 (21.2)	24.2 (29.6)	28.3 (4.1)	0.733
Social participation	62.7 (19.5)	53.6 (17.8)	73.4 (16.7)	0.064
Percent recovery	53.5 (9.9)	50.7 (9.3)	56.7 (10.3)	0.298
Previous diagnoses
Hypertension [yes, no]	10/3	6/1	4/2	0.459
High cholesterol [yes, no]	7/6	4/3	3/3	0.817
Diabetes mellitus [yes, no]	3/10	1/6	2/4	0.459
Atrial fibrillation [yes, no]	0/13	0/7	0/6	—
Coronary artery disease [yes, no]	1/12	1/6	0/6	0.356
Prior stroke [yes, no]	1/12	1/6	0/6	0.356
Alcoholism [yes, no]	1/12	1/6	0/6	0.356
Substance abuse disorder [yes, no]	0/13	0/7	0/6	—
Medications
Hypertension [yes, no]	8/5	6/1	2/4	0.059
High cholesterol [yes, no]	6/7	4/3	2/4	0.433
Diabetes mellitus [yes, no]	3/10	1/6	2/4	0.459
Anticoagulant [yes, no]	6/7	5/2	1/5	0.053