Effects of Stochastic Resonance Whole-Body Vibration in Individuals with Unilateral Brain Lesion: A Single-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial: Whole-Body Vibration and Neuromuscular Function

Table 2

Descriptive statistics for the primary and secondary outcome parameters, presented as median with the and percentiles in brackets.

Parameter	Experimental group			Sham group
	pre	post 1	post 2	pre	post 1	post 2
MVIC [N]	168.7 (266.2/314.2)	249.8 (172.0/320.4)	298.2 (170.0/340.0)	237.3 (162.8/324.7)	227.0 (151.9/334.0)	224.3 (122.4/358.3)
RFD [N/s]	2162.1 (866.1/3530.6)	1676.6 (772.8/3198.8)	1837.1 (1170.0/3128.9)	1351.6 (888.8/2536.0)	1389.3 (736.2/2935.1)	1531.3 (844.4/2661.2)
Sway distance ml [32]	9.5 (7.0/12.2)	7.6 (7.0/11.5)	8.5 (6.6/10.6)	10.0 (6.8/11.3)	8.5 (7.2/11.4)	8.2 (6.0/9.6)
Sway distance ap [32]	7.0 (5.1/9.3)	6.1 (4.6/9.6)	6.8 (4.0/9.5)	6.5 (4.9/11.0)	5.8 (4.6/9.7)	5.1 (4.3/8.4)
Sway velocity ml [mm/s]	43.7 (32.6/54.8)	37.6 (29.8/51.1)	40.8 (30.0/48.0)	32.5 (28.0/42.2)	31.2 (27.0/42.7)	31.8 (24.7/39.7)
Sway velocity ap [mm/s]	46.2 (33.0/78.2)	50.3 (31.4/71.8)	46.8 (30.7/73.0)	42.2 (29.8/65.2)	37.9 (26.6/52.0)	33.5 (29.4/52.6)
Gait velocity [m/s]	1.29 (0.90/1.64)	1.30 (0.94/1.70)	1.61 (1.22/2.06)	1.29 (0.79/1.57)	1.40 (1.01/1.70)	1.61 (1.35/1.78)
Step length al [m]	.63 (.51/.73)	.67 (.57/.77)	.71 (.59/.79)	.61 (.50/.83)	.65 (.55/.80)	.75 (.60/.91)
Step length ul [m]	.67 (.51/.74)	.65 (.52/.73)	.71 (.63/.81)	.63 (.49/.82)	.64 (.49/.80)	.74 (.58/.85)
Stance phase a [%]	53.9 (50.7/57.5)	52.8 (48.8/55.6)	51.0 (46.1/55.2)	52.7 (50.9/55.9)	52.5 (48.5/53.9)	48.2 (44.7/52.8)
Stance phase ul [%]	56.5 (50.7/62.1)	56.0 (50.5/59.1)	52.7 (49.2/55.6)	54.8 (52.4/62.0)	54.4 (52.5/61.6)	51.7 (49.9/57.0)
Balance TA [%MIVC]	15.5 (5.1/32.4)	9.8 (4.7/22.5)	11.3 (5.3/26.5)	11.6 (6.2/19.1)	9.5 (5.1/18.8)	9.6 (6.2/20.7)
Balance VM [%MIVC]	12.5 (7.8/17.0)	15.5 (8.3/23.8)	9.0 (7.0/19.6)	12.9 (7.6/31.5)	14.1 (6.4/42.4)	11.9 (7.9/22.9)
Balance VL [%MIVC]	13.2 (9.3/25.6)	17.7 (12.4/26.5)	11.6 (8.7/21.6)	21.5 (9.1/30.7)	16.1 (7.9/32.5)	16.3 (6.7/28.3)
Balance GM [%MIVC]	39.7 (28.2/74.2)	35.6 (22.4/60.9)	28.7 (20.2/57.5)	31.2 (17.5/53.5)	32.1 (15.2/52.5)	30.3 (15.7/58.4)
Balance SOL [%MIVC]	34.3 (29.6/51.7)	31.5 (24.3/54.4)	33.8 (27.4/54.1)	32.1 (25.4/64.9)	32.2 (20.8/61.0)	31.2 (24.8/52.2)
Gait TA [%MIVC]	19.2 (12.4/21.8)	16.5 (12.9/24.4)	18.5 (12.7/25.2)	14.3 (10.4/21.6)	14.1 (10.1/18.8)	18.4 (13.8/27.5)
Gait VM [%MIVC]	1.3 (8.4/15.5)	11.1 (8.6/17.4)	10.33 (8.2/16.0)	11.1 (7.4/15.9)	11.4 (7.3 (18.1)	12.2 (10.2/28.5)
Gait VL [%MIVC]	10.7 (7.2/17.4)	12.3 (8.4/16.8)	10.4 (7.3/15.0)	12.8 (7.8/16.5)	13.3 (8.9/19.5)	15.0 (10.8/22.3)
Gait GM [%MIVC]	31.8 (22.7/61.8)	35.2 (22.6/62.0)	34.7 (25.8/49.0)	26.1 (207/45.7)	26.4 (18.6/43.0)	29.2 (22.8/42.9)
Gait SOL [%MIVC]	28.8 (19.9/37.3)	29.2 (22.5/46.7)	30.8 (25.1/44.6)	30.7 (21.2/41.1)	33.1 (21.0/54.4)	36.6 (24.9/60.0)
FES-I (Score 16-64)	24 (18/30)	22 (18/28)	20 (17/24.75)	25 (20/40)	23 (18/38)	20.5 (17/28)
NIHSS (Score 0-42)	4 (3/6)	-	4 (2.25/5)	4 (3/5.75)	-	4 (2.25/5)
EBI (Score 0-64)	54.5 (43.25/59)	-	60.5 (56/62.75)	55 (46/57.5)	-	59 (55.25/63.75)

Pre: baseline, post 1: immediately after first SR-WBV intervention, post 2: after two weeks of SR-WBV intervention, vs: versus, MVIC: maximum voluntary isometric contraction, N: Newton, RFD: rate of force development, N/s: Newton per second, m: meter, mm: millimeter, mm/s: millimeter per second, m/s: meter per hour, ml: mediolateral, ap: anterior-posterior, al: affected leg, ul: unaffected leg, TA: tibialis anterior, VM: vastus medialis, VL: vastus lateralis, GM: gastrocnemius medialis, SOL: soleus, FES-I: Falls Efficacy Scale International, NIHSS: National Institute of Health Stroke Scale, and EBI: Extended Barthel Index.