Research Article
Immediate Effect on Ground Reaction Forces Induced by Step Training Based on Discrete Skill during Gait in Poststroke Individuals: A Pilot Study
Table 2
Immediate changes in gait parameters before and after a single training session of the LR and PSw groups.
| | LR () | value | PSw () | value | | Pre | Post | | Pre | Post | |
| Speed (m/s) | 0.67 (0.30) | 0.77 (0.26) | 0.016 | 0.54 (0.20) | 0.58 (0.17) | 0.457 | Stride length (m) | 0.45 (0.12) | 0.51 (0.11) | 0.002 | 0.38 (0.10) | 0.42 (0.10) | 0.012 | Cadence (steps/min) | 85.7 (16.3) | 87.8 (13.1) | 0.276 | 85.1 (9.0) | 81.5 (8.2) | 0.022 | GRF parameters | | Paretic braking | | Peak force (%BW) | 14.2 (5.1) | 15.6 (5.6) | 0.038 | 11.0 (3.6) | 13.0 (4.8) | 0.009 | Impulse (%BW·s) | 2.8 (0.9) | 2.8 (0.8) | 0.978 | 2.1 (0.7) | 2.6 (0.9) | 0.004 | Duration (s) | 0.44 (0.06) | 0.41 (0.06) | 0.120 | 0.44 (0.16) | 0.44 (0.08) | 0.962 | Paretic propulsion | | Peak force (%BW) | 7.6 (4.6) | 9.4 (5.3) | 0.077 | 5.3 (3.7) | 5.7 (3.3) | 0.501 | Impulse (%BW·s) | 1.6 (1.0) | 2.0 (1.0) | 0.060 | 1.1 (0.9) | 1.2 (0.9) | 0.602 | Duration (s) | 0.36 (0.12) | 0.38 (0.10) | 0.481 | 0.32 (0.12) | 0.31 (0.13) | 0.594 | Nonparetic braking | | Peak force (%BW) | 13.1 (6.1) | 16.5 (5.8) | 0.006 | 12.6 (4.1) | 14.2 (2.8) | 0.036 | Impulse (%BW·s) | 2.5 (1.1) | 3.1 (1.1) | 0.012 | 2.3 (1.0) | 2.8 (1.0) | 0.000† | Duration (s) | 0.43 (0.15) | 0.43 (0.10) | 0.519 | 0.43 (0.12) | 0.49 (0.17) | 0.028 | Nonparetic propulsion | | Peak force (%BW) | 16.9 (7.3) | 21.5 (7.1) | 0.003 | 12.7 (4.7) | 14.2 (5.4) | 0.246 | Impulse (%BW·s) | 4.0 (1.2) | 4.6 (1.2) | 0.019 | 3.5 (1.2) | 3.7 (1.3) | 0.413 | Duration (s) | 0.62 (0.17) | 0.55 (0.13) | 0.011 | 0.64 (0.14) | 0.60 (0.11) | 0.110 |
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, , and †. Values expressed as mean (standard deviation). GRF: ground reaction force; %BW: percent body weight. |