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| Aerobic activity (20-25 minutes) |
(1) Treadmill, over ground gait, recumbent stepper
(2) Goal: heart rate at 65-80% max zone or RPE: 13-15/20
(i) Patient’s and caregivers were instructed to achieve one of the following three criteria as per CDC’s physical activity guidelines for older and were provided with the CDC’s physical activity guidelines:
(a) Provided with heart rate chart and target zone
(b) Can talk but not sing
(c) Use RPE of 13-15/20
(3) Dual tasking: consistent utilization of a secondary task, either motor or cognitive (see below) |
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| Strengthening (15-20 minutes) |
| Utilization of simple and/or functional strengthening activities based on the components of OTAGO program [71]. |
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| Balance training (15-20 minutes) |
| Training included incorporation of static, anticipatory, and reactive aspects of postural control; with application to functional tasks [72]. |
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| Utilization of dual-task (DT) training |
| Dual tasking was utilized during every type of intervention, modifying to the specific level of the individual and to the primary task. |
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| Examples of secondary cognitive tasks | Examples of secondary motor tasks |
(1) Executive function (attention, visual scanning, switching, etc.)
(2) Problem solving and planning
(3) Working memory (short term memory, rehearsal, etc.) | (1) Functional—completion of ADLs/IADLs (dressing, cleaning, cooking, etc.)
(2) Carrying or manipulating objects |
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| Educational interventions |
(1) All sessions completed with individual and primary caregiver when available with time spent educating caregiver on appropriate cueing and engagement strategies (implicit learning, strength-based approach, etc.).
(2) Education on cognitive benefits of exercise and recommendations for exercise as well as promotion of brain health related activities. |
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| Functional training |
| Functional training oriented to the specific level and function of individual with extensive caregiver involvement in cueing and training strategies, including training with assistive device when appropriate. |
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| Home exercise program |
(1) Simplified and individualized home exercise program handouts designed for individuals with cognitive impairment and their caregiver
(2) Home exercise program was encouraged to be completed 5 days each week and should include exercises from each domain.
(3) Typical home program duration was 30-60 minutes of exercise |
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