Kinematic Gait Adjustments to Virtual Environments on Different Surface Conditions: Do Treadmill and Over-Ground Walking Exhibit Different Adaptations to Passive Virtual Immersion?

Table 2

Between-group comparisons of baseline COM excursion angles and ML-COM excursions during the first natural walking trial (NW) for over-ground and treadmill (NWTM) walking, and between-group comparisons of walking speed during NW, NW, and during the first exposure to VRE (snowy and crowded VRE).

Baseline assessments	Group A ()	Group B ()	value
COM excursion angle for the first over-ground NW trial (degrees)			0.96 (ns)
COM excursion angle for the first treadmill NWTM trial (degrees)			0.06 (ns)
ML-COM excursion for the first over-ground NW trial (m)			0.21 (ns)
ML-COM excursion for the first treadmill NWTM trial (m)			0.072 (ns)
Walking speed for the first over-ground trial (m/s) (NW vs. NW)			0.316 (ns)
Walking speed for the first snowy VRE trial (m/s) (S1 vs. STM1)		0.70 (predetermined)	0.55 (ns)
Walking speed for the first crowded VRE trial (m/s) (C1vs. CTM1)		0.70 (predetermined)	0.53(ns)

Abbreviations: COM = center of mass; NW = natural walking; NWTM = natural walking on treadmill; NW = natural walking after previous exposure to VR protocol on treadmill; S1 = first snowy VRE trial on over-ground; STM1 = first snowy VRE trial on treadmill; C1 = first crowded VRE trial on over-ground; CTM1 = first crowded VRE trial on treadmill; ML = mediolateral; m = meters; and ns = not significant.