Translation, Cross-Cultural Adaptation, and Psychometric Validation of the Chinese/Mandarin Cardiac Rehabilitation Barriers Scale (CRBS-C/M)
Table 2
Cardiac Rehabilitation Information Awareness Questionnaire responses in those not participating in CR, .
Item
Frequency (%)
(1) Have you ever heard of cardiac rehabilitation before this survey?
(a) Yes
31 (9.5%)
(b) No
294 (90.5%)
(2) Which of the following should be included in cardiac rehabilitation? (check all that apply)˄
(a) Illness assessment
11 (35.5%)
(b) Lipid management
17 (54.8%)
(c) Hypertension management
17 (54.8%)
(d) Tobacco cessation/alcohol restriction
16 (51.6%)
(e) Diabetes management
11 (35.5%)
(f) Nutrition consultation
10 (32.3%)
(g) Weight management
15 (48.4%)
(h) Emotional regulation
12 (38.7%)
(i) Physical activity consultation
9 (29.0%)
(j) Exercise training
12 (38.7%)
(k) Sleep management
14 (45.2%)
(l) Regular follow-up
14 (45.2%)
(m) Medication review
15 (48.4%)
(n) I do not know
7 (22.6%)
(3) Which of the following are benefits of participating in cardiac rehabilitation? (check all that apply)˄
(a) Cure coronary heart disease
11 (35.5%)
(b) Improve cardiac function
19 (61.3%)
(c) Reduce acute ischemic coronary events
12 (38.7%)
(d) Reduce mortality and recurrence of cardiovascular disease
16 (51.6%)
(e) Save medical expenses
7 (22.6%)
(f) Improve quality of life
10 (32.3%)
(g) Help to return to family and society
8 (25.8%)
(h) Improve mental health
9 (29.0%)
(i) I do not know
7 (22.6%)
(4) Which of the following risk factors can lead to the occurrence and development of coronary heart disease? (check all that apply)
(a) Hypertension
259 (79.7%)
(b) Hyperlipidemia
208 (64.0%)
(c) Hyperglycemia
202 (62.2%)
(d) Overweight/obesity
162 (49.8%)
(e) Tobacco use
160 (49.2%)
(f) Excessive drinking
145 (44.6%)
(g) Lack of exercise
118 (36.3%)
(h) Excessive psychological stress
110 (33.8%)
(i) I do not know
37 (11.4%)
(5) Do you agree that the occurrence and development of coronary heart disease can be controlled?
(a) Yes
205 (63.1%)
(b) No
30 (9.2%)
(c) I do not know
88 (27.1%)
(6) How frequently do coronary heart disease patients need to assess their lipids?
(a) Every 1-3 months
24 (7.4%)
(b) 3-6 months
102 (31.4%)
(c) 6-9 months
49 (15.1%)
(d) 9-12 months
14 (4.3%)
(e) Unknown
135 (41.5%)
(7) Which of the following practices help control blood lipids? (check all that apply)
(a) Reduce the intake of saturated fatty acids (e.g., lard, cream)
251 (77.2%)
(b) Reduce high cholesterol intake (e.g., animal guts and egg yolks)
251 (77.2%)
(c) Eat more foods that can lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (e.g., fish)
170 (52.3%)
(d) Weight loss
150 (46.2%)
(e) Increase physical activity
136 (41.8%)
(f) Take lipid-lowering drugs
159 (48.9%)
(g) I do not know
26 (8.0%)
(8) Do patients with coronary heart disease need to measure blood pressure frequently?
(a) Yes
282 (86.8%)
(b) No
13 (4.0%)
(c) I do not know
29 (8.9%)
(9) Which of the following statements about lowering blood pressure are true? (check all that apply)
(a) Stop the medication after your blood pressure is controlled
259 (79.7%)
(b) Stick to moderate exercise
208 (64.0%)
(c) Increase intake of fresh vegetables and fruits
202 (62.2%)
(d) Antihypertensive drugs require lifelong use
162 (49.8%)
(e) Reduce mental stress
160 (49.2%)
(f) Stay in bed mainly
145 (44.6%)
(g) Gradually reduce your salt intake until you eat less than 6 grams a day
118 (36.3%)
(h) Limit drinking
110 (33.8%)
(i) I do not know
37 (11.4%)
(10) If you are diagnosed with diabetes, which of the following measures will help reduce blood sugar? (check all that apply)
(a) Diet control
253 (77.8%)
(b) Proper exercise
211 (64.9%)
(c) Blood sugar monitoring
191 (58.8%)
(d) Receive diabetes-related health education
117 (36.0%)
(e) Use hypoglycemic drugs
164 (50.5%)
(f) I do not know
49 (15.1%)
(11) The dietary recommendations for patients with coronary heart disease are the following: (check all that apply)
(a) Do not overeat
206 (63.4%)
(b) Increase potassium-rich foods (e.g., nuts, beans, bananas, and kelp)
111(34.2%)
(c) Reduce intake of fatty foods
275 (84.6%)
(d) Eat more fresh fruits and vegetables
258 (79.4%)
(e) Increase dietary fiber intake
205 (63.1%)
(f) Reduce salt intake
239 (73.5%)
(g) I do not know
19 (5.8%)
(12) The waist circumference of patients with coronary heart disease should be less than how many centimeters?
(a) Male 90 cm/female 85 cm
45 (13.8%)
(b) Male 100 cm /female 95 cm
49 (15.1%)
(c) Male 110 cm/female 105 cm
17 (5.2%)
(d) Unknown
213 (65.5%)
(13) Do you know what the following measures should be taken against being overweight? (check all that apply)
(a) Dietary control, lower calorie intake
289 (88.9%)
(b) Strengthening exercises
265 (81.5%)
(c) Use weight-loss medication
12 (3.7%)
(d) I do not know
12 (3.7%)
(14) Have you ever heard of secondary prevention of heart disease?
(a) Yes
24 (7.4%)
(b) No
300 (92.3%)
(15) Have you heard about the need to use secondary preventive medications long-term in patients with coronary heart disease?
(a) Yes
21 (6.5%)
(b) No
303 (93.2%)
(16) Do excessive stress and anxiety affect the recovery of coronary heart disease patients?
(a) Yes
267 (82.2%)
(B) No
19 (5.8%)
(C) I do not know
38 (11.7%)
(17) Can exercise help reduce bad mood?
(a) Yes
262 (80.6%)
(b) No
20 (6.2%)
(c) I do not know
42 (12.9%)
(18) Do patients with coronary heart disease need structured exercise after their condition is stabilized?
(a) Yes
301 (92.6%)
(b) No
6 (1.8%)
(c) I do not know
16 (4.9%)
(19) Does proper exercise improve heart function?
(a) Yes
296 (91.1%)
(b) No
6 (1.8%)
(c) I do not know
21 (6.5%)
(20) Which of the following statements is true for patients with coronary heart disease? (check all that apply)
(a) The more the exercise, the better
3 (0.9%)
(b) Start with a small amount of exercise, increase gradually, and persist
303 (93.2%)
(c) It’s good to have a heavy sweat
3 (0.9%)
(d) Even if you have discomfort during exercise, continue to exercise
5 (1.5%)
(e) I do not know
15 (4.6%)
(21) Which of the following types of exercise do you think patients with coronary heart disease can choose? (check all that apply)
(a) Dumbbells
9 (2.8%)
(b) Jogging
139 (42.8%)
(c) Swimming
56 (17.2%)
(d) Walking
306 (94.2%)
(e) I do not know
Yes: 8 (2.5%)
(22) Which of the following methods can help you judge that the intensity of your activity has reached a suitable moderate range? (check all that apply)
(a) Increase in heart rate by 20 to 30 beats/min after exercise compared to before exercise
102 (31.4%)
(b) Increase in heart rate by 40 to 50 beats/min after exercise compared to before exercise
22 (6.8%)
(c) Feel yourself breathing faster with exercise, but not short of breath
83 (25.5%)
(d) Dyspnea after exercise
6 (1.8%)
(e) The body sweats slightly after exercise
200 (61.5%)
(f) I do not know
65 (20.0%)
(23) How long do you think it is appropriate for patients with coronary heart disease to exercise at moderate intensity?
(a) 10 minutes or so
58 (17.8%)
(b) 30-90 minutes
229 (70.5%)
(c) More than 120 minutes
2 (0.6%)
(d) I do not know
35 (10.8%)
(24) How many times per week is it recommended for patients with coronary heart disease to do the above moderate-intensity exercise?
(a) <3 times
31 (9.5%)
(b) 3~7 times
237 (72.9%)
(c) >7 times
21 (6.5%)
(d) I do not know
35 (10.8%)
(25) Do you know what measures should be taken in case of chest discomfort or fatigue during exercise? (check all that apply)
(a) Keep exercising
3 (0.9%)
(b) Immediately stop and rest on site
307 (94.5%)
(c) If the symptoms are not relieved after rest, take a nitroglycerin pill under the tongue. After 5 minutes, if it is still not relieved, take another pill. If the symptom still persists, call first aid
177 (54.5%)
(d) I do not know
4 (1.2%)
(26) If someone has a sleep problem, can it affect the development of coronary heart disease?
(a) Yes
259 (79.7%)
(b) No
16 (4.9%)
(C) I do not know
49 (15.1%)
(27) When insomnia occurs, which of the following measures can be undertaken to improve sleep? (check all that apply)
(a) Identify the causes of insomnia and take targeted measures
141 (43.4%)
(b) Follow your doctor’s advice as soon as possible to use sedative sleeping pills
(28) Is regular follow-up with your doctor necessary?
(a) Yes
310 (95.4%)
(b) No
5 (1.5%)
(c) I do not know
9 (2.8%)
(29) How many beats per minute is ideal for your heart rate?
(a) <55/min
2 (0.6%)
(b) 55~60/min
89 (27.4%)
(c) 60~70/min
137 (42.2%)
(d) >70/min
40 (12.3%)
(e) I do not know
56 (17.2%)
Total score ()
˄Patients who answered “no” they had not heard of CR to question 1 were directed to skip to question 4. Therefore, the percentage reported is based on the available denominator for these items. Incorrect responses.
