The Adaptation of Participation Scale Short Simplified Questionnaire into Indonesian Language and the Psychometric Properties in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with Vestibular Dysfunction

Table 1

Demographic and clinical characteristics of participants.

Variables	(%)	Min	Max
Age (years)		48	78
Gender
Male	22 (40%)
Female	33 (60%)
Number of falling within a year		0	3
No fall	42 (76.4%)
1 fall	10 (18.2%)
2 or more fall	3 (5.5%)
DM duration (years)		5	20
5–10	34 (61.8%)
>10	21 (38.2%)
Hypertension
Yes	27 (47.1%)
No	28 (50.9%)
Body Mass Index		20.42	32.03
Underweight	1 (1.8%)
Normal	21 (38.2%)
Overweight	31 (56.4%)
Obesity	55 (3.6%)
Fasting glycemic level (FGL) (mg/dl)		90	349
Pain in lower extremity		2	10
Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument (MNSI) (score)		0	4
Positive diabetic peripheral neuropathy	23 (41.8%)
Negative diabetic peripheral neuropathy	32 (58.2%)
Visual acuity (score)		0.4	1.0
Low visual acuity	19 (34.5%)
Modified clinical test of sensory interaction in balance (mCTSIB) (secs)		51.6	108
Five Time Sit to Stand test (FTSTS) (secs)		10.6	28.2
High risk of falling	39 (70.9%)
Low risk of falling	16 (29.1%)
Timed Up and Go test (TUG) (secs)		10.12	24.6
High risk of falling	54 (98.2%)
Low risk of falling	1 (1.8%)
Functional Gait Assessment (FGA)		14	26
High risk of falling	38 (69.1%)
Low risk of falling	17 (30.9%)
Activities Balance Confidence-16 (ABC-16) (%)		52.5	71.2
High risk of falling	37 (67.3%)
Low risk of falling	18 (32.7%)
Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) (score)		50	90
Moderate handicap	12 (21.8%)
Severe handicap	43 (78.2%)
Montreal Cognitive Assessment (Moca)		14	28
Normal cognitive	14 (25.5%)
Mild cognitive impairment	43 (78.2%)
Participation Scale Short Simplified Indonesian version (PSSS-Ina) (score)		20	48
Moderate restriction	24 (43.6%)
Severe restriction	31 (56.4%)
Positive vestibular screening tests
Head impulse test	15 (27.3%)
Dix Hallpike test	32 (58.2%)
Supine roll test	8 (14.5%)