Role of Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation in Pain and Pulmonary Function in Patients after Bariatric Surgery
Table 3
Pain scale scores and haemodynamic data before and after the application of TENS and placebo.
Intervention group ()
Placebo group ()
Pre-TENS
Post-TENS
Absolute delta
Pre-TENS
Post-TENS
Absolute delta
value
value#
Pain scale assessment
Pain 1 (score)
7 (4.5–8)
3 (2–5.5)
-2 (-3–-1.5)
6 (3.8–7)
5 (3.8–7)
0 (0–0)
0.067
<0.001
Pain 2 (score)
5 (3–8)
2 (1–4)
-2 (-3–-1)
4 (2–5)
4 (3–5.3)
0 (0–0)
0.057
<0.001
Pain 3 (score)
4 (2–6)
2 (0–3)
-2 (-2.5–-1)
4 (2–5)
3 (2–5)
0 (-0.3–0)
0.39
<0.001
Pain 4 (score)
2 (1.5–5.5)
1 (0–3)
-1 (-2–0)
3 (1.8–5)
3 (1–5)
0 (0–0)
0.81
<0.001
Hemodynamic variables
SBP 1 (mmHg)
120 (110–143)
116 (110–144)
-3 (-9–3)
122 (111–142)
123 (110–141)
0 (-7–1)
0.84
0.71
SBP 2 (mmHg)
123 (110–139)
122 (113–139)
0 (-5–7)
124 (109–138)
122 (105–138)
0 (-6–2)
0.84
0.25
SBP 3 (mmHg)
130 (110–138)
120 (110–137)
0 (-10–3)
120 (110–130)
120 (110–129)
0 (-5–2)
0.46
0.55
SBP 4 (mmHg)
125 (115–140)
120 (120–139)
0 (-6–5)
120 (110–131)
120 (110–130)
0 (-10–5)
0.18
0.46
DBP 1 (mmHg)
71 (63–83)
66 (62–80)
-1 (-5–3)
77 (63–85)
74 (62–85)
0 (-4–1)
0.75
0.69
DBP 2 (mmHg)
70 (64–80)
70 (67–80)
0 (-5–5)
71 (64–80)
70 (63–80)
0 (-1–0)
0.34
0.44
DBP 3 (mmHg)
71 (63–80)
70 (66–80)
0 (-4–5)
70 (62–80)
71 (67–80)
0 (-2–6)
0.52
0.64
DBP 4 (mmHg)
80 (70–85)
80 (70–90)
0 (0–7)
80 (65–85)
80 (64–86)
0 (0–6)
0.99
0.83
HR 1 (beats/min)
85 (75–90)
86 (93–91)
1 (-4–4)
85 (72–96)
85 (76–96)
2 (-1–5)
0.75
0.34
HR 2 (beats/min)
85 (80–90)
82 (77–94)
-1 (-6–4)
87 (82–98)
89 (76–99)
1 (-4–2)
0.34
0.91
HR 3 (beats/min)
87 (79–95)
85 (81–98)
2 (-2–5)
88 (80–97)
90 (91–100)
1 (-2–3)
0.52
0.25
HR 4 (beats/min)
85 (80–96)
90 (97–97)
1 (-3–5)
91 (80–96)
91 (81–98)
2 (-2–3)
0.99
0.73
1 (breaths/min)
18 (16-22)
19 (16-21)
0 (-2–2)
19 (16-22)
19 (16-24)
1 (-2–3)
0.76
0.42
2 (breaths/min)
19 (16-23)
19 (15-21)
0 (-3–1)
18 (16-20)
18 (16-21)
1 (-1–2)
0.52
0.14
3 (breaths/min)
18 (16-20)
18 (16-20)
0 (-2–2)
18 (16-20)
20 (17-23)
2 (-1–2)
0.68
0.005
4 (breaths/min)
18 (16-20)
18 (16-20)
0 (-2–2)
18 (16-20)
19 (18-21)
1 (-1–2)
0.67
0.26
SpO2 1 (%)
94 (92–96)
93 (92–96)
0 (-1–1)
94 (93–95)
95 (93–96)
1 (0–1)
0.30
0.60
SpO2 2 (%)
94 (93–95)
94 (92–96)
0 (-1–1)
94 (93–96)
95 (93–95)
1 (-1–1)
0.41
0.93
SpO2 3 (%)
94 (93–95)
95 (93–6)
1 (0–2)
95 (93–96)
95 (93–96)
0 (-1–1)
0.67
0.15
SpO2 4 (%)
95 (93–97)
95 (93–97)
1 (-1–2)
95 (93–96)
95 (94–96)
0 (-1–2)
0.71
0.56
The results are expressed as the median (interquartile range); SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; HR: heart rate; fR: respiratory frequency; SpO2: peripheral oxygen saturation. Numbers 1, 2, 3, and 4 refer to the pre- and postapplication moments of the 4 TENS/placebo sessions. Comparison between the 2 groups in relation to pre-TENS measurements. Comparison between the 2 groups in relation to absolute delta values (post-TENS minus pre-TENS measurements).
