Hepatic Iron Quantification on 3 Tesla (3 T) Magnetic Resonance (MR): Technical Challenges and Solutions

Table 1

Summary of imaging and clinical data.

	𝑇^∗2 at 3 T	𝑅^∗2 at 3 T	𝑇^∗2 hepatic LIC in mg/g	Ferritin; (mode)	Liver; biopsy; LIC mg/g dry weight	Documented transfusion iron loading mg/kg	Duration of chronic transfusion in years	ALT	Chelation	Clinical correlation
1	17.4	57.5	1.1	<750		<100	NA	N	NI	F, TIL
2	14.9	67.1	1.2	<750		<100	NA	N	NI	F, TIL
3	14.6	68.3	1.2	<750		<100	NA	N	NI	F, TIL
4	14.7	73.2	1.3	<750		<100	NA	N	NI	F, TIL
5	12.9	77.3	1.3	<750		<100	NA	N	NI	F, TIL
6	11.3	88.2	1.5	<750		<100	NA	N	NI	F, TIL
7	7.4	135.1	2.1	<750		<100	NA	N	NI	F, TIL
8	7.3	137.0	2.1	1500–2250		<100	NA		NI	TIL
9	5.5	183.5	2.7	2250–3000		<100	1	N	NI	TIL, ferritin 1 year. after chronic transfusion were 6000, and followup 𝑇^∗2 was 5 mg/g
10	5.7	176.5	2.6	750–15.00	2.5	>100, switched to HU	1	N	Phlebotomy	B (within 6 months), F
11	4.8	208.3	3	750–1500		>100 (exchange transfusions)	6	N	Y	F, TIL
12	3.7	270.3	3.8	2250–3000		>100 (only exchange transfusions)	2	N	Y	TIL
13	2.9	344.8	4.7	750–1500		>100,	1		N	F, received 12 monthly transfusions for one year, discontinued a year prior
14	2.5	400.0	5.4	2250–3000		>100,	4	N	Y
15	1.7	600.0	8	2250–3000	6.3	>100,	2	N	N	B (within 6 months),
16	1.6	625.0	8.3	2250–3000	14.2	>100,	4	N	Y,	F, and ALT. Poor compliance
17	1.57	635.0	8.4	>3000		>100,	5	Y	N	F, repeat 𝑇^∗2 a year after chelation 6.9
18	1.2	833.3	10.9	>3000		>100,	9	Y	Y	F, ALT; LFTs improved after he started on exchange, poor compliance
19	0.8	1304.3	16.9	2250–3000	24	>100, switched to HU	11	N	Phlebotomy	B done 1.5 years prior, after which patient switched to HU
20			Extreme iron overload	6–8000		>100,	15	Y	Y	F, ALT, and poor compliance
21			Extreme iron overload	>10.000	32	>100,	16	Y	Contraindicated due to toxicity	B (3 years prior), F,
22			Extreme iron overload	8–1100		>100,	8	Y	Y	F, ALT; Poor compliance

F: ferritin, TIL: transfusional iron loading, abnormal LFTs: ALT, B: liver biopsy results, and NI: not indicated.