Comparison of Phase Estimation Methods for Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping Using a Rotating-Tube Phantom
Table 3
Error statistics for each of the estimation methods and acquisition protocols. The mean and standard deviation of error measurements (Hz), as well as the absolute relative errors , are provided in columns 4–7. Columns 8-9 show of the overall data, as well as the range (min and max) of across reference backgrounds.
Protocol
Postprocessing
Method
(Hz)
(Hz)
[, ]
SEGE
Spatial 3D unwrap
Unprocessed
0.29
3.85
0.52
0.92
0.48
[0.24, 0.76]
Phun
0.21
5.12
0.35
1.38
0.67
[0.49, 0.89]
GBC
−0.22
4.83
0.53
1.08
0.66
[0.47, 0.82]
MEDI.RG
−0.19
1.60
0.08
0.22
0.90
[0.84, 0.96]
MEDI.LP
−0.01
1.07
0.14
0.12
0.50
[0.38, 0.62]
Laplace
0.00
1.01
0.14
0.15
0.54
[0.40, 0.66]
sEPI
Spatial 3D unwrap
Unprocessed
−0.34
4.19
0.58
0.76
0.43
[0.32, 0.52]
Phun
−0.10
5.23
0.73
1.30
0.45
[0.31, 0.56]
GBC
−0.32
3.80
0.42
0.97
0.66
[0.31, 0.91]
MEDI.RG
1.03
4.14
0.32
1.15
0.85
[0.79, 0.91]
MEDI.LP
0.00
1.14
0.12
0.12
0.57
[0.51, 0.65]
Laplace
0.00
0.95
0.12
0.11
0.58
[0.47, 0.68]
Multiecho
1. Spatial 3D unwrap ⟶ temporal average
(i) Unprocessed
0.01
2.60
0.48
0.41
0.16
[0.08, 0.23]
(ii) Phun
0.39
4.75
0.30
1.23
0.57
[0.48, 0.69]
(iii) GBC
0.31
2.21
0.15
0.36
0.78
[0.59, 0.91]
(iv) MEDI.RG
−0.37
3.47
0.66
0.95
0.35
[0.09, 0.63]
(v) MEDI.LP
−0.01
0.89
0.11
0.09
0.58
[0.49, 0.67]
(vi) Laplace
0.00
0.82
0.12
0.12
0.58
[0.44, 0.68]
2. Spatial 3D unwrap ⟶ temporal 1D unwrap ⟶ temporal average
