Comparison of Phase Estimation Methods for Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping Using a Rotating-Tube Phantom

Table 4

Probability of relative errors <0.1 in the background ROI that maximizes across sequences, scan variability (ID is as listed in Table 1), and phantom tube components. The tube contents are 1.0 mM GdCl₃ in tubes 1 and 2, 0.5 mM GdCl₃ in tubes 3 and 4, and 3.2 mM CuSO₄ in tube 5. The last column is the standard deviation of all for the given method.

Method	Sequence	Scan ID 1	Scan ID 2	Scan ID 3	Tube 1	Tube 2	Tube 3	Tube 4	Tube 5	Std
Unprocessed	SEGE	0.79	0.86	0.47	0.59	0.88	0.83	0.89	0.68	0.32
	MEGE	0.25	0.21	0.27	0.25	0.23	0.25	0.26	0.18
	sEPI	0.51	0.55	—	1.00	0.00	0.86	0.06	0.77
Phun	SEGE	0.91	0.96	0.68	0.98	0.88	0.83	0.87	0.88	0.24
	MEGE	0.67	0.73	0.64	0.89	0.51	0.54	0.66	0.80
	sEPI	0.56	0.58	—	0.92	0.00	0.87	0.37	0.79
GBC	SEGE	0.96	0.73	0.96	0.75	0.79	0.97	0.93	0.73	0.08
	MEGE	0.95	0.88	0.96	0.89	0.93	0.97	1.00	0.80
	sEPI	0.89	0.97	—	0.95	0.89	0.90	1.00	0.82
MEDI.RG	SEGE	0.97	0.96	0.97	1.00	0.94	1.00	1.00	0.89	0.20
	MEGE	0.24	0.76	0.65	0.63	0.61	0.64	0.67	0.63
	sEPI	0.91	0.92	—	1.00	0.84	0.94	0.97	0.84
MEDI.LP	SEGE	0.63	0.63	0.59	0.36	0.58	0.53	0.96	0.70	0.18
	MEGE	0.68	0.67	0.64	0.36	0.75	0.53	0.95	0.76
	sEPI	0.65	0.66	—	0.36	0.63	0.53	1.00	0.78
Laplace	SEGE	0.57	0.68	0.68	0.36	0.97	0.52	0.85	0.56	0.19
	MEGE	0.62	0.72	0.64	0.36	1.00	0.69	0.90	0.46
	sEPI	0.66	0.74	—	0.40	0.93	0.58	0.89	0.60
Slope	MEGE	0.96	0.95	0.97	0.99	1.00	0.95	0.99	0.82	0.06
Division	MEGE	0.95	0.94	0.96	0.99	1.00	0.95	0.99	0.78	0.07
MAGPI-unopt	MEGE	0.97	0.97	0.97	1.00	1.00	0.98	1.00	0.87	0.04
MAGPI	MAGPI	0.97	0.98	0.97	1.00	1.00	0.98	1.00	0.91	0.03