Research Article
Ultrasound Assessment of Carotid Intima-Media Thickness: Comparison between Diabetes and Nondiabetes Subjects, and Correlation with Serum Vitamin D
Table 1
Demographics of the study sample in both diabetic and control group.
| | Variables | Subgroups | Total | Diabetes mellitus | value | | No | Yes | | Means ± SD/N (%) |
| | Age | | 45.73 ± 13.37 | 42.10 ± 15.40 | 58.20 ± 9.09 | <0.001 |
| | BMI | | 23.70 ± 4.63 | 28.39 ± 6.35 | 24.17 ± 7.28 | <0.001 |
| | Gender | Male | 105 (52.5) | 80 (40) | 25 (12.5) | <0.001 | | Female | 95 (47.5) | 51 (25.5) | 44 (22) |
| | Physical activity | In-active | 122 (61) | 93 (46.5) | 29 (14.5) | <0.001 | | Active | 78 (39) | 38 (19) | 40 (20) |
| | Smoker | No | 115 (57.5) | 99 (49.5) | 16 (8) | <0.001 | | Yes | 85 (42.5) | 32 (16) | 53 (26.5) | | Vitamin D status | Normal | 92 (46.0) | 54 (27.0) | 38 (19.0) | 0.062 | | Low | 108 (54.0) | 77 (38.5) | 31 (15.5) |
| | BMI | Under weight | 20 (10) | 4 (2) | 16 (8) | <0.001 | | Normal | 65 (32.5) | 40 (20) | 25 (12.5) | | Over weight | 55 (27.5) | 43 (21.5) | 12 (6) | | Obese | 60 (30) | 44 (22) | 16 (8) |
| | Age groups | ≤44 | 82 (41) | 78 (39) | 4 (2) | <0.001 | | 45–60 | 81 (40.5) | 39 (19.5) | 42 (21) | | 61–75 | 30 (15) | 9 (4.5) | 21 (10.5) | | ≥76 | 7 (3.5) | 5 (2.5) | 2 (1) |
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Note. Data presented as mean ± SD or N (%), value by the independent t-test and chi-square. |
