Numerical Study of Hydrodynamic Forces for AFM Operations in Liquid

Figure 12

Maximum hydrodynamic drag force during operation of the 100 μm long triangular cantilever in an ethanol-water mixture for a tip-sample distance of 500 nm versus oscillation amplitude during the approach and withdrawal movement for (a) varying EtOH concentrations up to 10% at a temperature of 25°C, (b) 5% EtOH at fluid temperatures from 15°C up to 50°C based on Figure 7, and (d) 1%, 2.5%, and 5% EtOH concentrations with fluid temperatures ranging from 25°C to 35°C (100 μm long triangular cantilever). (c) Force variation induced by the fluid temperature for different EtOH concentrations (100 nm triangular cantilever, 200 nm oscillation amplitude). The data point labels indicate the relative change for the respective concentration to a fluid temperature of 25°C.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)