Epigenetic Regulation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells: A Focus on Osteogenic and Adipogenic Differentiation

Table 2

Epigenetic regulation of osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells.

Epigenetic regulation	Target	Finding	Reference
DNA methylation	OC	Reduced promoter DNA methylation is associated with osteogenic differentiation	Villagra et al. [105]
DNA methylation	OPN	Mechanically induced promoter DNA demethylation is associated with accelerated osteogenic differentiation	Arnsdorf et al. [106]
DNA methylation	Brachyury	Promoter DNA methylation is associated with osteogenic differentiation	Dansranjavin et al. [107]
DNA methylation	Trip10	Promoter DNA methylation is associated with accelerated osteogenic differentiation	Hsiao et al. [108]
Histone modification	OC	Acetylation of H3 and H4 is associated with OC expression and osteogenic differentiation	Shen et al. [109]
Histone modification	HOXA10	HOXA10-mediated chromatin acetylation and H3K4 methylation promotes transcription of osteogenic genes	Hassan et al. [110]
Histone modification	AP-2α	H3K4 and H3K36 methylation is associated with AP-2α expression and subsequent osteogenic differentiation. Mutations in demethylation-related proteins (e.g., BCOR) are associated with the OFCD syndrome	Fan et al. [111]

OC: osteocalcin; OPN: osteopontin; Trip10: thyroid hormone receptor interactor-10; BCOR: BCL-6 corepressor; OFCD: oculo-facial-cardio-dental.