Review Article
Ex Vivo Expansion of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Defined Serum-Free Media
Table 1
Constituents of serum [Adapted from [
112]].
| | Range of | | Range of | Constituent | concentration | Constituent | concentrationa |
| Proteins and polypeptides | 40–80 mg/mL | Polyamines: | 0.1–1.0 μM | Albumin | 20–50 mg/mL | Putrescine, Spermidine | | Fetuinb | 10–20 mg/mL | | | Fibronectin | 1.0–10 μg/mL | Urea | 170–300 μg/mL | Globulins | 1.0–15 mg/mL | | | Protease inhibitors: | 0.5–2.5 mg/mL | Inorganics | 0.14–0.16 M | αl-antitrypsin, | | Calcium | 4.0–7.0 mM | α2-macroglobulin | | Chlorides | 100 μM | Transferrin | 2.0–4.0 mg/mL | Iron | 10–50 μM | | | Potassium | 5.0–15 mM | Growth factors: | | Phosphate | 2.0–5.0 mM | EGF, PDGF, IGF1 and 2, | 1.0–100 ng/mL | Selenium | 0.01 μM | FGF, IL-1, IL-6 | | Sodium | 135–155 mM | | | Zinc | 0.1–1.0 μM | Amino acids | 0.01–1.0 μM | | | | | Hormones | 0.1–200 nM | Lipids | 2.0–10 mg/mL | Hydrocortisone | 10–200 nM | Cholesterol | 10 μM | Insulin | 1.0–100 ng/mL | Fatty acids | 0.1–1.0 μM | Triiodothyronine | 20 nM | Linoleic acid | 0.01–0.1 μM | Thyroxine | 100 nM | Phospholipids | 0.7–3.0 mg/mL | | | | | Vitamins | 0.01–10 μg/mL | Carbohydrates | 1.0-2.0 mg/mL | Vitamin A | 10–100 ng/mL | Glucose | 0.6–1.2 mg/mL | Folate | 5.0–20 ng/mL | Hexosamine | 0.6–1.2 mg/mL | | | Lactic acid | 0.5–2.0 mg/mL | | | Pyruvic acid | 2.0–10 μg/mL | | |
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aThe range of concentrations is approximate and is intended to convey only the order of magnitude.
bIn fetal serum only.
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