|
| Author | Diagnosis | Application | patients | Results |
|
| Treatment of nonunions |
|
| Connolly et al. 1991 [49] | Atrophic pseudarthrosis | Percutaneous autologous bone marrow injection | 20 | Healing capacity comparable to autologous cancellous bone grafting |
|
| Garg et al. 1993 [50] | Nonunion in long bones | Percutaneous autologous bone marrow injection | 20 | 17 out of 20 cases united in 5 months |
|
| Kettunen et al. 2002 [51] | Tibially delayed or non-union | Percutaneous autologous bone marrow injection | 41 | Appeared to be as effective as open techniques |
|
| Hernigou et al. 2005 [52] | Atrophic pseudarthrosis | Percutaneous autologous bone marrow injection | 60 | Application is effective and safe Positive correlation between number of progenitor cells and callus volume |
|
| Goel et al. 2005 [53] | Tibial non-union | Percutaneous autologous bone marrow injection | 20 | 15 out of 20 patients showed bone union |
|
| Treatment of osteonecrosis |
|
| Hernigou and Beaujean 2002 [54] | Osteonecrosis femoral head | Injection of autologous bone marrow concentrate | 116 (189 hips) | Very good results in early stages Injection of greater number of progenitor cells transplanted had better outcomes |
|
| Gangji et al. 2004 [55] | Osteonecrosis femoral head | Injection of autologous bone marrow concentrate | 13 (18 hips) | Significant reduction of pain, progression and improvement of function |
|
| Hernigou et al. 2009 [56] | Osteonecrosis femoral head | Injection of autologous bone marrow concentrate | 342 (534 hips) | High amount of progenitor cells as predictor for successful outcome |
|
| Enhancing spinal fusions |
|
| Neen et al. 2006 [57] | Spinal fusions | Autologous bone marrow aspirate on hydroxyapatite-collagen I-composite | 50 | Similar healing capacity as autologous cancellous bone grafting in posterolateral fusion Inferior results in interbody fusions |
|
| Gan et al. 2008 [58] | Spinal fusions | Bone marrow concentrate on tricalciumphosphate | 41 | After 34.5 months 95.1% cases showed good spinal fusion |
|
| Filling bone cysts |
|
| Wright et al. 2008 [59] | Simple bone cysts | Intralesional injection of autologous bone marrow aspirate | 77 | Inferior results compared to injection of methylprednisolone |
|
| Park et al. 2008 [60] | Simple bone cysts | Implantation of autologous bone marrow aspirate implanted in combination with either nonvital allogenic bone graft or injected with bone powder | 20 (23 cysts) | Injection of bone marrow-bone powder mix is effective alternative to open treatment |
|
| Zamzam et al. 2009 [61] | Simple bone cysts | Percutaneous autologous bone marrow injection | 28 | Application is a safe and effective treatment |
|
| Filling of bone defects |
|
| Salama and Weissman 1978 [62] | Different bone defects | Xenograft with bone marrow aspirate | 28 | Results have been “most satisfactory” |
|
| Jäger et al. 2009 [63] | volumetric bone deficiencies | local autologous bone marrow/mesenchymal stem cell injection | 10 | May be a promising alternative to autogenous bone grafting |
|
| Marcacci et al. 2007 [64] | Large bone diaphysis defect | autologous MSCs were expanded in vitro and seeded on hydroxyapatite scaffolds | 4 | Followup up to 7 years after surgery, good integration of implant, no secondary fractures |
|
| Various applications |
|
| Hendrich et al. 2009 [65] | various bone healing disturbances | Bone marrow concentrate | 101 | Autogenous bone marrow concentrate application is safe |
|
| Giannini et al. 2009 [66] | Osteochondral talus defects | arthroscopic-assisted injection of autologous bone marrow aspirate | 48 | Functional improvement |
|
| Dallari et al. 2007 [67] | High tibial osteotomy | Lyophilized bone chips with platelets-enriched plasma with bone marrow aspirate | 33 | Lyophilized bone chips with platelets-enriched plasma with or without bone marrow aspirate enhance healing |
|
| Kitoh et al. 2009 [68] | femoral and tibial lengthenings | Application of MSC expanded in vitro with PRP | 28 (51 osteotomies) | No enhancement of bone healing by MSC/PRP |
|
