Comparative Evaluation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells of Fetal (Wharton's Jelly) and Adult (Adipose Tissue) Origin during Prolonged In Vitro Expansion: Considerations for Cytotherapy

Table 3

Overview of phenotypic characteristics of ADSC and WJSC at early (p.2) and late (p.10 and p.10/20, resp.) passages.

Passage (cum.PD)	WJSC			ADSC
	2 (4.5)	10 (28.9)	20 (56.7)	2 (2.4)	10 (8.1)
Mean cell size (𝜇m^2± SEM)	2340 ± 180	4882 ± 646	5003 ± 712	2407 ± 183	4907 ± 653
% giant cells*	0	44 ± 4	30 ± 7	20 ± 5	31 ± 8
Predominant morphology types (%)	II/I (46/38)	I/II (38/32)	III/I (44/36)	I/III (57/26)	I/III (42/33)
Intracellular complexity (SSC)	130	85	77	132	115
Senescence (%𝛽-gal positive)	2.1 ± 0.9	11.3 ± 8.3	12.9 ± 11.0	17 ± 6.2	24.6 ± 9.7
Self-renewal (CFU-F: cells seeded)	1 : 46	1 : 73	1 : 366	1 : 68	1 : 140
Osteogenic differentiation
CFU-ALP: cells seeded; (% of CFU-F)	1 : 78; 60 ± 6.3	1 : 98; 76 ± 2.6	1 : 450; 83 ± 1.2	1 : 149; 46 ± 6.2	1 : 448; 31 ± 1.5
Bone nodule formation^#	+++	++	+	+++	+
(Ca^2+) (mg/dL)	1.08 ± 0.04	ND	ND	1.56 ± 0.38	ND

∗Giant cells: >3880 𝜇m² (WJSC), >4600 𝜇m² (ADSC).
^#Bone nodule count scoring: + (<20 nodules), ++ (20–50), and +++ (>50).
ND: not detected.