Neural Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells for Nontherapeutic Applications: Toxicology, Pharmacology, and In Vitro Disease Modeling

Table 1

Small-molecule based culture protocols for inducing hPSCs differentiation into specific neuronal sublineages.

Neuronal sublineages	Key references	Small molecules utilized
Dopaminergic	Chambers et al. [24]	SB431542; (together with the protein noggin)
	Kriks et al. [25]	Purmorphamine + CHIR99021; (together with the growth factor FGF8 and recombinant sonic hedgehog)
	Mak et al. [26]	Dorsomorphin + SB431542
GABAergic	Samarasinghe et al. [27]	Agonists of muscarinic and GluR1 receptor
Cholinergic motor neurons	Li et al. [28]	Retinoic acid + purmorphamine
	Hu and Zhang [29]	Retinoic acid + purmorphamine
	Amoroso et al. [30]	Retinoic acid + purmorphamine + SMO agonist SAG