All-Trans Retinoic Acid Improves the Effects of Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells on the Treatment of Ankylosing Spondylitis: An In Vitro Study

Figure 4

Changes of IL-6 levels under different conditions. (a) Concentration of IL-6 secreted by MSCs pretreated for different durations (1 day, 3 days, and 5 days). The secreting durations (1 day, 3 days, and 5 days) after pretreatment were different, too. Paired -test was used. (b) Concentration of IL-6 in coculture and noncoculture groups. Paired -test was used. (c) Relative mRNA amount showed the principal cell source of IL-6. (d) Effects of IFN-γ and TNF-α on production of IL-6 by MSCs. One-way ANOVA was used. , , and .

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