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Author | Cell source | Wound model | Cell delivery method | Cell number | Mechanism of action |
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Altman et al. [15] | Human | Excisional | Seeded matrix | 1 × 105 seeded twice | Local engraftment with endothelial and fibroblastic phenotype |
Altman et al. [16] | Human | Excisional | Silk fibrin chitosan scaffold | 1 × 105 | N/A |
Argôlo Neto et al. [17] | Mouse | Excisional | Unclear | N/A | ↑ collagen types I & III |
Blanton et al. [18] | Pig | Excisional | Fibrin spray matrix | 18 × 105 | |
Borena et al. [19] | Rabbit | Excisional | SC | 1.4 × 108 | ↓ inflammation, ↑ neovascularization, ↑ fibroblast number, ↑ collagen thickness |
Chen et al. [20] | Mouse | Excisional | Intradermal and topical | 1 × 106 | MSCs localised to wound bed and appendages on day 14 |
Chen et al. [21] | Mouse (CM) | Excisional | Intradermal and topical | N/A | Recruitment of macrophages and progenitor cells (CD34, c-kit, Flk-1) |
Cho et al. [22] | Human (CM) | Excisional | Intradermal | N/A | Enhanced histology score at d7, d14 |
Ebrahimian et al. [23] | Not specified | Excisional | IV and IM | 1 × 106 | ↑ perfusion, ↑ angiogenesis, ↑ collagen content, ↑ VEGF |
Falanga et al. [24] | Mouse | Excisional | Topical fibrin scaffold | 1 × 106/cm2 | Engraftment of MSCs at d18 |
Fu et al. [25] | Pig | Burn | Fibrin mesh scaffold +/− cytokines | 2 × 106 | ↑ capillary density |
Fu et al. [26] | Pig | Excisional | Topical | N/A | |
Gao et al. [27] | Human (CM) | Ischemic flap | Local | N/A | ↑ capillary density, perivascular engraftment, ↑ VEGF, ↑ HIF1-a expression |
Gu et al. [28] | Human | Ischemic flap | Intradermal | 1 × 105 | No differences in total blood vessel number |
Hamou et al. [29] | Mouse | Ischemic flap | Systemic | N/A | MSCs localize to ischemic area and engraft locally |
Heo et al. [30] | Human (CM) | Excisional | Topical (+/− TNF-a) | N/A | ↑ capillary density, ↑ VEGF, ↑ bFGF |
Hou et al. [31] | Human | Excisional | Collagen | 2 × 104 | ↑ capillary density |
Huang et al. [32] | Mouse | Excisional | Topical microsphere scaffold | 1 × 106 | ↑ vascularity and cellularity in treatment groups |
Javazon et al. [33] | Mouse | Excisional | Topical | 7.5 × 105 | ↑ epithelialization and enhanced granulation tissue formation |
Kataoka et al. [34] | Mouse | Excisional | SC | 5 × 106 | Cell engraftment in epidermis, hair follicles, sebaceous glands and dermis, blood vessels |
Kim et al. [35] | Rat | Excisional | Collagen scaffold | 2 × 106 | ↑ neovascularization |
Kim et al. [36] | Human | Excisional | Collagen scaffold | 1 × 106 | Significant difference in skin structure and dermal inflammatory cell infiltrate |
Kim et al. [37] | Canine | Excisional | Intradermal +/− low level laser therapy | 1 × 106 | ↑ epithelialization rate, ↑ granulation tissue thickness, ↑ capillary number |
Kwon et al. [38] | Rat | Incisional | IV or intradermal | N/A | ↑ neovascularization, ↑ collagen production, ↑ expression of VEGF, EGF, PDGF-BB, TGF-B |
Lee et al. [39] | Mouse | Incisional | Unclear | 5 × 104 | N/A |
Lee et al. [40] | Human (CM) | Excisional | Collagen scaffold | N/A | N/A |
Lee et al. [41] | Human | Excisional | Collagen gel | N/A | ↑ blood vessel density |
Li et al. [42] | Human | Excisional | IV | N/A | Local cell engraftment |
Lim and Yoo [43] | Mouse | Excisional | Intradermal | 0.6 × 106 | ↑ fibroblast numbers |
Lin et al. [44] | Human | Excisional | Cell sheet (1 or 3 layers) | 1 × 106/layer | ↑ epithelialization |
Liu et al. [45] | Pig | Burn | Topical (scaffold) | 2 × 106 | ↑ capillary density, ↑ keratinization |
Liu et al. [46] | Mouse | Excisional | Scaffold matrix | 1 × 105 seeded twice | ↑ vessel density |
Maharlooei et al. [47] | Rat | Excisional | Intradermal | 1 × 106 | ↑ epithelialization, ↑ granulation, ↑ neovascularization |
Mansilla et al. [48] | Rabbit | Burn | Fibrin mesh scaffold | 2 × 106/mL/cm2 | Heavy mononuclear infiltrate |
McFarlin et al. [49] | Rat | Incisional | IV or SC | 6 × 106 | ↑ collagen production, ↓ inflammation |
Nakagawa et al. [50] | Human | Excisional | Collagen scaffold | 5 × 106 | ↑ epithelialization |
Nambu et al. [51] | Mouse | Excisional | Seeded atelocollagen matrix | 5 × 105 | N/A |
Nambu et al. [52] | Rat | Excisional | Seeded atelocollagen matrix | 1 × 106 | ↑ capillary density, ↑ inflammatory infiltrate, ↑ cell proliferation |
Nie et al. [53] | Rat | Excisional | Intradermal | 1 × 106 | ↑ capillary number, ↑ granulation thickness |
Rasulov et al. [54] | Rat | Burn | Topical | 2 × 104 | N/A |
Rustad et al. [55] | Mouse | Excisional | Collagen hydrogel topical or SC | 2.5 × 105 | ↑ MCP-1, VEGF-a/b, FGF1, MMP8, MMP9 |
Sasaki et al. [56] | Mouse | Excisional | IV | 1 × 106 | ↑ MSC migration due to SLC/CCL21 |
Sheng et al. [57] | Human | Burn | SC or ADM | 1 × 106 | N/A |
Shumakov et al. [58] | Rat | Burn | Topical | 2 × 106 | ↑ blood vessel density |
Stoff et al. [59] | Human | Incisional | Intradermal | N/A | Engraftment through d21 with improved histology score |
Tian et al. [60] | Mouse | Excisional | Intradermal and topical | 1 × 106 | ↑ epithelialization, ↑ vascularization, ↑ granulation tissue |
Volk et al. [61] | Rabbit | Ischemic. | SC | 0.5 × 106 | ↑ granulation tissue |
Wu et al. [62] | Mouse | Excisional | Intradermal and topical | 1 × 106 | ↑ VEGF, epithelialization, cellularity, appendages, and ↑ histology scores |
Yang et al. [63] | Rat | Ischemic flap | SC | 4 × 106 | ↑ blood vessel density; cell engraftment in dermal and perivascular locations |
Yeum et al. [64] | Mouse | Excisional | Scaffold (small intestinal submuocosa) | 1 × 106 | ↑ EGF, FGF, VEGF, IL-1-b, IL-4, ↓ TNF-a |
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