Dual Inhibition of Activin/Nodal/TGF-β and BMP Signaling Pathways by SB431542 and Dorsomorphin Induces Neuronal Differentiation of Human Adipose Derived Stem Cells

Figure 7

hADSCs activated with SB and DM for 7 days induce significant axonal outgrowth formation upon their transplantation in vivo. hADSCs were grown in BM or BM supplemented with either activin/nodal/TGF-β pathway inhibitor SB or BMP pathway inhibitor DM or both for 7 days. The cells were harvested after 7 days and 0.5 × 10⁶ cells were mixed with 200 μL of Matrigel and implanted subcutaneously in C.B-17 SCID mice. Implants were harvested after 14 days and the cryosections were stained with DAPI ((a)–(d)) or with anti-GAP43 antibody followed by Alexa Fluor 596 conjugated secondary antibody ((e)–(h)). The slides were observed under a fluorescent microscope. Immunohistochemistry of hADSCs implants revealed that expression of axon growth cone specific GAP43 protein residing in the nerve fibers was maximum in implants of hADSCs treated with SB and DM. Scale bar = 100 μm.