Emerging Implications for Extracellular Matrix-Based Technologies in Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation

Figure 1

Limitations associated with VCA: Limitations and complications currently associated with VCA include (a) the lifelong need for high dose, multidrug immunosuppressive medications, (b) acute (and chronic) VCA rejection, and (c) side effects and toxicity of antirejection therapies. Patient noncompliance is the main cause of graft loss. Tac: tacrolimus, MMF: Mycophenolate mofetil, Rapa: Rapamycin, St: Steroid, and Top: topical.

(a)

(b)

(c)