Cell Therapy in Ischemic Heart Disease: Interventions That Modulate Cardiac Regeneration

Table 2

Pharmacological intervention and the interference in the tissue regeneration process after use of adult stem cells for treatment of cardiovascular diseases.

Drug	Therapeutic; class	Pharmacological action	Interference in regenerative process	Reference
Simvastatin	Statin	Antidyslipidemic and antiatherosclerotic	Improvement of local microenvironment, promotes cell survival (in vivo)	Yang et al. [25]; Yang et al. [26]; Cai et al. [27]
Atorvastatin	Statin	Antidyslipidemic and antiatherosclerotic	Increase in circulating EPC (humans), neovascularization	Vasa et al. [28]
			Antiapoptotic effect (in vivo)	Qiu et al. [29]
Aspirin	Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory	Antiplatelet agent	Inhibits cell proliferation (in vitro), induces apoptosis; Lowers circulating EPC level (humans)	Wang et al. [30]; Deng et al. [31]; Lou et al. [32]
Carvedilol	Beta-blocker	Antihypertensive, other actions	Antiapoptotic and antioxidant effects (in vitro and in vivo)	Hassan et al. [33]
Candesartan	Angiotensin receptor blocker	Potent vasoconstrictor	Increases cardiomyogenic transdifferentiation (in vitro and in vivo)	Numasawa et al. [34]
Pioglitazone	Antidiabetic	Glycemic control	Increases cardiomyogenic transdifferentiation (in vivo)	Shinmura et al. [35]

EPC, endothelial progenitor cell.